Nerve agents toxicological studies

Although there is a lack of information on the general toxicological effects of low-level, and suble-thal repeated exposures, there are studies on the behavioral effects of such exposures to nerve agents in animals free of observed signs of intoxication. These were conducted in an effort to determine whether behavioral studies can provide markers of early neurotoxicity that are more sensitive than neurochemical and neuropathological changes. 

Sidell, F. R. (1996). A history of human studies with nerve agents by the UK and US A. In T. C. Marrs, R. L. Maynard, F. R. Sidell (Eds.), Chemical warfare agents Toxicology and treatment (pp. 115-137). Chichester, England Wiley. 

Toxicokinetic studies of nerve agents deal with the in vivo absorption, distribution, and elimination of these agents as a function of animal species, route of administration, dose, and time after administration. Such studies are essential to provide a quantitative basis for the toxicology of nerve agents and, in combination with toxicodynamic studies, are the starting point for development of causal treatment of intoxications with these agents. Toxicodynamic studies of nerve agents have been... 

NERVE AGENTS Polyneuropathy Muscle Necrosis Intermediate Syndrome Neuropsychiatric Effects Electroencephalographic Abnormalities Toxicological Studies on Nerve Agents... 

A detailed study of incidents with CWs linked to A1 Qaeda shows that cyanides, ricin, and TICs have been the main choices of jihadist terrorists (Pita, 2007). Nerve agents also seem to be of interest, especially because of their toxicological and physico-chemical properties, which make them ideal for tactical use in terrorist attacks. However—and as previously mentioned—the synthesis process requires some level of expertise and is far more complex than the recipes featured in jihadist manuals. 

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