Nereis virens

Polychaete worms belonging to the genera Nereis and Scolecolepides have extensive metabolic potential. Nereis virens is able to metabolize PCBs (McElroy and Means 1988) and a nnmber of PAHs (McElroy 1990), while N. diversicolor and Scolecolepides viridis are able to metabolize benzo[a]pyrene (Driscoll and McElroy 1996). It is worth noting that apart from excretion of the toxicant, polar, and mnch more water-soluble metabolites such as the glycosides formed from pyrene by Porcellio sp. (Larsen et al. 1998) may be mobile in the interstitial water of the sediment phase. 

McElroy AE (1990) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolism in the polychaete. Nereis virens Aquat Toxicol 18 35-50. 

Biota elimination half-lives t,/2 = 2.0 d from rainbow trout, t,/2 = 26.2 d from clam Mya arenaria, t,/2 = 6.3-13.3 d from mussel Mytilus edulis t,/2 = 9.2 d from Oyster, t,/2 = 1.2 d from shrimp, t,/2 = 5.7 d from polychaete Nereis virens, t,/2 = 8.0 d from clam Mercenario mercenaria (quoted, Meador et al. 1995). 

Ray, S., D. McLeese, and D. Pezzack. 1980. Accumulation of cadmium by Nereis virens. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 9 1-8. 

McLeese, D.W., L.E. Burridge, and J.V. Dinter. 1982. Toxicities of five organochlorine compounds in water and sediments to Nereis virens. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 28 216-220. 

Goerke, H., Ernst, W. (1977) Fate of 14C-labelled di-, tri-, and pentachlorobiphenyl in the marine annelid nereis virens. I.Accumulation and elimination after oral administration. Chemosphere 9, 551. 

Geiszinger, A.E., Goessler, W., Francesconi, K.A. (2002). Biotransformation of arsenate to the tetramethylarsonium ion in the marine polychaetes Nereis diversicolor and Nereis Virens. Environ. Sci. Technol. 36 2905-10. 

Kristensen, E., Jensen, M. H., and AUer, R. C. (1991). Direct measurement of dissolved inorganic nitrogen exchange and denitrification in individual polychaete Nereis virens) burrows. J. Mar. Res. 49, 355-377. 

Kristensen E., Jensen M. H., and Andersen T. K. (1985) The impact of polychaete Nereis virens Sars.) on nitrification and denitrification in estuarine sediments. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 85, 75-91. 

Experimental values of BSAF for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodi-benzo[ 1,4] dioxin and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran in contaminated sediments were obtained from exposure of the polychaete Nereis virens in a flow-through system for 28 day followed by a 24-h depuration period. The results were used to calculate the tissue concentrations of these contaminants at another site (Schrock et al. 1997). Although there was good agreement between the measured and predicted levels, it was pointed out that validation of this procedure would depend on the study of a more extensive data set. 

McElroy, A.E. and J.C. Means. 1988. Uptake, metabolism, and depuration of PCBs by the polychaete Nereis virens. Aquat. Toxicol. 11 416—417. 

Fig. 2. Dependence of rate of in vivo metabolism on tissue concentration for benz[a]anthracene (BaA) in whole Nereis virens [calculated from 4- to 6-day exposure data of Table 4.2 of McElroy (1985c) and from McElroy (1985a)]. Tissue BaA concentration is the sum of parent compound and all metabolite classes. In vivo rates include radiolabel incorporated into the macromolecular (non-extractable) fraction (rates excluding this fraction are 0.04 to 0.2 pmol min wet wt.). The equation of the regression is given by rate (in pmol min g ) = 0.038 + 0.077 [tissue cone, (in nmolg )] correlation coefficient = 0.949 (n = 4)...

Nereis virens N. virens N. succinea N. virens N. virens... 

Metabolism of 2,2 -dichlorobiphenyl (DCBP), 2,5,4 -trichlorobiphenyl (TriCBP) and 2,4,6,2 4 -pentachlorobiphenyl (PCBP) by Nereis virens (from Goerke and Ernst 1977 and Ernst et al. 1977). 

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