Neonicotinoid insecticides properties

Neon—helium continuous lasers, 17 372 Neonicotinoid insecticides, 14 346 Neopentanal trifluoroborane, 4 144t Neopentanoic acid, 5 60-65 physical properties, 5 60t production from butylenes, 4 427 Neopentyl glycol, 12 670-672... 

Nithiazine was the lead compound in syntheses of the first commercially successful neonicotinoids that surpassed the parent compound in both insecticidal properties and environmental stability. A 6-chloro-3-methylpyridine moiety and a pharmacophore of varying structures (Figure 2) are the two components of a neonicotinoid molecule. Insecticides of the first generation of neonicotinoids are best represented by imidacloprid (Nihon Bayer Agrochem, Japan) (Figure 2) and are also called chloronicotinyls or chloropyridyls. 

A few of the properties of cartap, nicotine, and the neonicotinoids are taken from The Pesticide Manual (Tomlin, 2000) and are given in Table 6.2 together with some other insecticides. 

While members of the neonicotinoid class of insecticides share a number of structural and physico-chemical properties, the individual compounds provide a remarkable diversity of structural details, which may confer biological differences in their action 13). 

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