Negative electrodes, materials for

An Li-Al Alloy was investigated for use as a negative electrode material for lithium secondary batteries. Figure 41 shows the cycle performance of a Li-Al electrode at 6% depth of discharge (DOD). The Li-Al alloy was prepared by an electrochemical method. The life of this electrode was only 250 cycles, and the Li-Al alloy was not adequate as a negative material for a practical lithium battery. 

Both hard and soft carbons are used as negative electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Hard carbon is made by heat-treating organic polymer materials such as phenol resin. The heat-treatment tempera-... 

Lithium-titanium-oxide spinels provide a relatively low voltage of 1.5V vs. lithium. They are, therefore, of interest as possible negative electrode materials for lithium-ion cells [161-163] they can be coupled, for example, to Li[Mn2104 (4V vs. Li) to yield a 2.5V lithium-ion cell, or to LixMn02 (3V vs. Li) to yield a 1.5V lithium-ion cell. Although these cells have a voltage lower than that of commercial... 

Joho F., Novak P., and Spahr M.E. Safety Aspects of Graphite Negative Electrode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries. J. Electrochem. Soc., 149,1020-1024 (2002). 

Zinc is a nontoxic, relatively inexpensive, and abundant material. It is the most electropositive metal which is fully compatible with aqueous electrolytes. Its low (negative) electrode potential and its high hydrogen overpotential make it a very suitable negative electrode material for use in aqueous electrolytes. ... 

Only rare-earth system (AB5-type) and zirconium-titanium-vanadium system (AB2 Laves phase-type) hydrogen storage alloys have been used as negative electrode materials for the commercial production of Ni-MH batteries [3, 7, 8], However, these materials have a low hydrogen storage capacity resulting in a low electrode energy density. 

Poizot P, Laruelle S, Grugeon S, Dupont L, Tarascon JM. Nano-sized transition-metal oxides as negative-electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Nature. 2000 407(6803) 496-9. 

Mesoporous tin was deposited from LLC surfactant phases in order to provide a nanostructured negative electrode material for applications in lithium ion batteries. Whitehead et al. [67,68] electrodeposited tin films from lyotropi-cally liquid crystalline solutions of tin sulfate in the hexagonal phase of Brij 76 onto copper foil. The authors further employed n-heptane as an inert swelling agent in order to tailor the dimensions of the resulting electrode materials. 

Zheng, C., J. C. Gao, M. Yoshio, L. Qi, and H. Y. Wang. 2013. Non-porous activated mesophase carbon microbeads as a negative electrode material for asymmetric electrochemical capacitors. Jourrml of Power Sources 231 29—33. 

Fung, Y. S., and Zhu, D. R. [2002]. Electrodeposited tin coating as negative electrode material for lithium-ion battery in room temperature molten salt/ Electrochem. Soa, 149, pp. A319-A324. 

Efimov, O.N., et al. 1996. Laminated composites based on polyacetylene and Al—Mg alloy negative electrode materials for Li rechargeable batteries. Synth Met 79 193. 

There are three main groups of negative electrode materials for lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries, presented in Figure 1.1, defined according to the electrochemical reaction mechanisms [GOR 14],... 

Poizot, P. Laruelle, S., Grugeon, S., Dupont, L., Tarascon, J-M (2000). Nano-sizedtransition-metaloxidesas negative-electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries, NATURE, Vol. 407, pp.496-499, ISSN 0028-0836... 

Typical negative electrode materials for rechargeable lithium batteries are listed in Table 34.2. Of these, lithium is the lightest and most electropositive, and it has a high specific capacity, 3.86 Ah/g. It is also more easily handled than the other alkali metals. 

Song H, Yun SW, Chun HH et al (2012) Anomalous decrease in strucmral disorder due to charge redistribution in Cr-doped Li4Ti50i2 negative-electrode materials for high-rate Li-ion batteries. Energy Environ Sci 5 9903-9913... 

---