Negative active mass structure

FORMATION OF LEAD-ACID BATTERIES AND STRUCTURE OF POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE ACTIVE MASSES... 

Let us first see how carbon additives affect the structure of the negative active mass. 

Let us now see how the structure of the negative active mass looks like when it contains both BaS04 and carbon black additives. Figure 7.12 c and d shows SEM images of NAM with 0.8 wt% BaS04 and two different concentrations of PRU carbon black. The carbon black particles are adsorbed on the lead surface and it is strongly folded. The surface area of NAM has increased. 

Active mass utilization coefficient, (rj). This coefficient gives the share (by weight) of the energetic structure in the total amount of positive or negative active mass per cell ... 

In this Chapter, the discussion is confined to the processes that occur during soaking and formation of the positive and negative plates, as well as to the structures of the two types of active mass obtained as a result of the formation procedure. These steps are identified in the dashed-line frame in Fig. 3.1. 

The secondary lead structure of the completely formed plates with or without expander is shown in Fig. 3.57. In NAM without expander, the secondary lead structure covers the skeleton in the form of a smooth layer, whereas the secondary lead structure in the NAM of expander-containing plates comprises individual Pb crystals which are located over the skeleton structure. Hence, organic expanders regulate the processes involved in the formation of both types of structure in the lead active-mass during the formation of negative plates. 

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