Necrosis cellular mechanisms

Rosser BG, Gores GJ (1995) Liver cell necrosis cellular mechanisms and clinical implications. Gastroenterology 108 252-275... 

Cytokines, eg, interferons, interleukins, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and certain growth factors, could have antitumor activity directiy, or may modulate cellular mechanisms of antitumor activity (2). Cytokines may be used to influence the proliferation and differentiation of T-ceUs, B-ceUs, macrophage—monocyte, myeloid, or other hematopoietic cells. Alternatively, the induction of interferon release may represent an important approach for synthetic—medicinal chemistry, to search for effective antiinflammatory and antifibrotic agents. Inducers of interferon release may also be useful for lepromatous leprosy and chronic granulomatous disease. The potential cytokine and cytokine-related therapeutic approaches to treatment of disease are summarized in Table 4. A combination of cytokines is a feasible modaUty for treatment of immunologically related diseases however, there are dangers inherent in such an approach, as shown by the induction of lethal disserninated intravascular coagulation in mice adrninistered TNF-a and IFN-y. 

D19. Dinarello, C. A., Okusawa, S., and Gelfland, J. A., Interleukin-1 induces a shock-like state in rabbits Synergism with tumor necrosis factor and the effect of cyclooxygenase inhibition. In Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Septic Shock. Alan R. Liss, New York, 243-263... 

Nanes, M. S. 2003. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha molecular and cellular mechanisms in skeletal pathology. Gene, 321,1-15. 

Epithelial cells of the GI tract are exposed to various agents (as indicated in previous sections) and conditions that activate stress-response pathways. This results in either cell survival or cell death. Those cells with inadequate cellular defenses may die by one of three major cell death mechanisms, apoptosis, autophagy or necrosis, depending upon the particular stress conditions. 

In this particular case, one F ion chelates two Ca or Mg ions so disrupting the biochemical metabolisms until the occurrence of cellular death and the necrosis of tissues. It is a movement of physiological balance. This mechanism explains the first historic reflex to strengthen the contributions in ions Ca or Mg ions to answer the need of chelation of the fluoride ion. This resulted,... 

Acute cellular rejection involves infiltration of macrophages and lymphocytes into the graft and is evident from the necrosis of the parenchymal cells of the graft. The lysis of the parenchymal cells of the transplanted tissue is achieved by the infiltrating leukocytes. Acute cellular rejection may be the product of several mechanisms including cytolytic T-cell-mediated lysis, NK cell-mediated lysis and activated macrophage-mediated lysis. The acute cellular rejection predominantly involves CD8+ T cytolytic cells that kill the grafted tissue. 

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