Nausea radiation-induced

Prevention of radiation-induced nausea and vomiting PO 2 mg once a day, given 1 hr before radiation therapy... 

Prevention of radiation-induced nausea and vomiting PO (Total body irradiation) 8 mg 1-2 hours daily before each fraction of radiotherapy. (Single high-dose radio-t herapy to abdomen) 8 mg 1-2 hours before irradiation, t hen 8 mg q8h after first dose for 1-2 days after completion of radiotherapy. (Daily fractionated radiotherapy to abdomen) 8 mg 1-2 hours before irradiation, then 8 mg 8 hours after first dose for each day of radiotherapy. 

The pharmacology of all these neuroleptics is extremely complex. Briefly, phenoth-iazines and related drugs have a calming effect on psychotic patients, without producing excessive sedation. Other central effects include the important antiemetic effect in disease-, drug-, or radiation-induced nausea, but not so much in motion sickness. Butyrophenones are more effective antiemetics than phenothiazines and also potentiate the activity of anesthetics. 

Patients receiving single-exposure, high-dose radiation therapy to the upper abdomen or receiving total or hemi-body irradiation should receive prophylactic antiemetics for radiation-induced nausea and vomiting (RINV). 

NVP nausea and vomiting of pregnancy PONV postoperative nausea and vomiting RINV radiation-induced nausea and vomiting SSRI selective serotonin receptor inhibitor... 

Indications Adults— used for prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting prevention of radiation-induced nausea and vomiting (oral only) postoperative nausea and vomiting (injection only). Pediatric (2 to 16 years)— used for prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (injection only). Safety and efficacy are not established in patients younger than 2 years. 

Clinical presentation. The clinical signs and symptoms of radiation induced cholecystitis are those of acalculous cholecystitis. The most frequent physical and laboratory findings include fever, right upper quadrant (RUQ) pain, nausea, leukocytosis, and elevation of liver associated enzymes and bilirubin. All of these clinical parameters are nonspecific. In almost all instances in which it can be evaluated. 

The severe nausea and vomiting induced by cytotoxic drugs and radiation in man can be reduced by metoclopramide given either atone or in combination with other drugs, such as dexamethasone. However, the extrapyramidal side-effects induced by metoclopramide, due to antagonism of dopamine re-... 

Unlabeled Uses Radiation therapy-induced nausea and vomiting... 

It causes antiemetic action by blocking dopamine (D receptors and it also increases gastric motility. It is absorbed orally but bioavailability is 15% due to first pass metabolism. It is completely biotransformed and metabolites are excreted in urine. It is used in nausea and vomiting in postoperative period, drug induced, radiation, uraemia, hepatitis, peptic ulcer. It is also useful in reflex oesophagitis. 

Exposure to radiation can cause detrimental health effects. At large doses, radiation effects such as nausea, reddening of the skin or, in severe cases, more acute syndromes are clinically expressed in exposed individuals within a short period of time after the exposure such effects are called deterministic because they are certain to occur if the dose exceeds a threshold level. Radiation exposure can also induce effects such as malignancies, which are expressed after a latency period and may be epidemiologically detectable in a population this induction is assumed to take place over the entire range of doses without a threshold level. Hereditary effects due to radiation exposure have been statistically detected in other mammalian populations and are presumed to occur in human populations also. These epidemiologically detectable effects—malignancies and hereditary effects—are termed stochastic effects because of their random nature. 

American Society of Health-System Pharmacists http //www.ashp.org Guidelines for managing postoperative and chemotherapy- and radiation-therapy-induced nausea and vomiting. 

B. Exposures to very high concentrations of tritium can cause intakes large enough to induce acute radiation symptoms. An accidental exposure leading to a multicurie dose of tritium induced nausea and exhaustion and eventual death of a victim (Conklin 87). Other estimates put the LD 50 at about 10 Ci this corresponds to about 1 mg of pure tritium. (Sublette 97) This is about the mass of a lethal dose of the nerve agent sarin (Sublette 97). 

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