Natural graphite electrochemical performance

In the third paper, M. Walkowiak et al. report on findings of Central laboratory of batteries and Cells (CLAiO) in Poland, as related to the electrochemical performance of spherodized purified natural graphite and boron-doped carbons in lithium-ion batteries. While it is noteworthy that... 

At the electrochemical performance level, these novel natural graphite-based materials surpass mesophase carbon s characteristics as related to cell/battery safety performance, low irreversible capacity loss, and good rate capability even at high current densities. 

Barsukov I., Henry F., Doninger J., Gallego M., Huerta T., Girkant R. and Derwin D. On the electrochemical performance of lithium-ion battery anodes based on natural graphite with various surface properties. ITE Letters on Batteries, New Technologies Medicine, V.4, N.2 (2003), 163-166. 

Test cells using the above graphite materials were evaluated in PC-based electrolytes. For this work, the hybrid pulse power characterization (HPPC) test was performed on cells with the different graphite anodes and PC-based electrolytes to evaluate their high power capabilities. These electrochemical experiments indicate that cells containing the surface-modified natural graphite can meet the power requirement set by the FreedomCar partnership for the hybrid vehicle applications. 

Stable cycling was achieved in the fall 7Ah cells with a composite of spherical natural graphite coated with A1 and then stabilized with a rigid carbon coating of the disordered nature. Further investigation is needed to fally understand the effect of rigid carbon shell on the electrochemical performance of graphite-based composite materials. 

Yoshio, M., Wang, H., Fukuka, K., Hara, Y., and Adachi, Y., Effect of carbon coating on electrochemical performance of treated natural graphite as lithium-ion battery anode material, J. of Electrochem. Soc. (2000) 147 (4) 1245-1250. 

King, S-S., Kadoma, Y., Ikuta, H., Uchimoto, Y., and Wakihara, M., Electrochemical performance of natural graphite by surface modification using aluminum, Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters, (2001) 4 (8), A109-A112. 

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