Natural antifungals structure

Table 1. Structural Category of Natural Antifungals and Their Sources...

Another structurally related group of natural antifungal substances are the myxothiazols, which also contain an (E)-) -methoxyacrylate moiety, this time 7 -linked. Their discovery, characterization and structure elucidation was first performed in the German groups of H. Reichenbach and G. Hofle [21-23]. Later, the same groups discovered the closely related melithiazols [24]. For a review on the naturally occurring 7 -methoxyacrylates see Ref. [25]. 

Fig. 13.2.1. From natural antifungals to the enol ether stilbene as a new synthetic lead structure.

Many natural aromatic compounds are produced from the cyclization of poly- -keto chains by enzymic aldol and Claisen reactions. Examples include simple structures like orsellinic acid and phloracetophenone, and more complex highly modified structures of medicinal interest, such as mycophenolic acid, used as an immunosuppressant drug, the antifungal agent griseofulvin, and antibiotics of the tetracycline group, e.g. tetracycline itself. 

In 1988, Nakamura et al. reported the isolation of carbazomycins G (269) and H (270) from the culture broth of Streptoverticillium ehimense. These alkaloids have a structurally unique carbazole-l,4-quinol framework and were obtained from Nature in racemic form. Carbazomycin G showed moderate antifungal activity against... 

Zaragozic Acids The zaragozic acids (squalestatins) are a class of competitive inhibitors of mouse, rat, and HepG2 squalene synthases, which also display antifungal activity [104]. The characteristic structural feature of this family of natural products is its highly oxygenated core. 

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