Native starch granule

Tang, H.R., Godward, J., and Hills, B. 2000. The distribution of water in native starch granules A multinuclear NMR study. Carbohydr. Polym. 43, 375-387. 

Sahai, D. and Jackson, D. S. (1999). Enthalpic transition in native starch granules. Cereal Chem. 76, 444-448. 

Blennow, A., Bay-Smidt, A. M., Olsen, C. A., Mailer, B. L. (2000). The distribution of covalently bound starch-phosphate in native starch granules. Int. J. Biol Macromol, 27, 211-218. 

Blennow, A., Sjbland, K. A., Andersson, R, Kristiansson, P. (2005a). The distribution of elements in the native starch granule as studied by particle-induced X-ray emission and complementary methods. Anal. Biochem., 347, 327-329. 

Native starch granules exhibit three main types of X-ray diffractogram. The A type is characteristic of most starches of cereal origin the B t5q)e of potato (Figure 8.3), other root and tuber starches, and amylomaize starches and retrograded starch the C type of smooth pea and various bean starches. 

The hypochlorite/water solutions were pretitrated to pH 8.5 with 1.0 N HCl in order to neutralize the presence of inherent sodium hydroxide. Leaching out of non-crystalline amylose from the native starch granules has been previously described in systems with pH values greater than 9.0 (24). 

Action of Amylases with Native Starch Granules. 269... 

Three forms of glucoamylase occur in the culture supernatants of Rhizopus sp. They have molecular weights of 74000, 58000 and 61000, and have been designated GA-I, GA-II and GA-III.150 GA-I bound and hydrolyzed native starch granules, but GA-II and GA-III neither bound nor hydrolyzed native starch granules.151 The three glucoamy-lases had the same C-terminal end, but differed in their N-terminal ends.152 Two... 

Starch granules are microcrystalline, comprising crystalline domains, noncrystalline domains, and possibly transitional regions. Native starch granules... 

Although native starch granules from storage organs seem to be first eroded by amylases before other enzymes can further hydrolyze it, the chloroplastic phosphorylase can release labeled glucose 1-phosphate from 14C-labeled starch granules, at least in pea leaves (Kruger and ap Rees, 1983). 

A separate problem is presented by starch that contains fatty acids (lipids) for instance, maize, rice, and wheat starch. The naturally occurring lipids form inclusion complexes vnth amylose that exhibit texture and morphology different from those of native starch granules. These differences are reflected by the behavior of starch at a relatively low temperature for instance, gelatinization at — 120 °. The process involved is a high-temperature retrogradation, with participation of the proton dissociated from the com-plexed fatty acid residue. A Cjj acid complexed in the helical structure of... 

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