1.4- Naphthoquinones steroids

Carbonyl azides react with alcoholic hydroxy compounds to form the corresponding urethanes. In the same manner, ferrocenoyl azide, and 3-fe-rrocenylpropionyl azide can derivatized, hydroxy-steroids and the resultant derivatives are determined electrochemically by LC with the detection limits at subpicomole levels. 2-[2-(Azidocarbonyl)ethyl]-3-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (AMQ) reacts with primary and secondary alcohols to produce carbamic acid derivatives and is used in LC with BCD and FL detections. 7-Methoxycoumarin-4-carbonyl azide (7-MC-4-CON3) and 3,4-dihydro-6,7-dimethoxy-4-methyl-3-oxoquinoxaline-2-carbonyl azide (DMEQ-CON3) are also applied to LC with FL detection as precolumn reagents. 

Nickel peroxide, which is readily obtainable, has proved to be a useful oxidation agent Permanganate oxidation is an effective general method for the conversion of aliphatic nitro into oxo compounds a,/3-Ethyleneketones as well as 1,4-naphthoquinones can be cheaply and safely epoxidized with hypochlorite A rapid direct preparation of peroxy acids in methanesulfonic acid has been published An efficient method for the oxidative removal of the methyl group in position 19 of steroids has been described The application of hydride transfer for carboxylations has been continued. 

Lichens had to evolve diverse biosynthetic pathways to produce such complex arrays of secondary metabolites polyketide, shikimic acid, and mevalonic acid pathways. Most of the lichen substances are phenolic compounds. Polyketide-derived aromatic compounds, depsides, depsidones, dibenzofurans, xanthones, and naphthoquinones, are of great interest. Compounds from other pathways are esters, terpenes, steroids, terphenylquinones, and pulvinic acid (Fahselt 1994 Cohen and Towers 1995 Muller 2001 Brunauer et al. 2006, 2007 Stocker-Worgotter and Elix 2002 Johnson et al. 2011 Manojlovic et al. 2012). So, many lichens and lichen products have proved to be a source of important secondary metabolites for food and pharmaceutical industries (Huneck 1999 Oksanen 2006)... 

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