Surface-modification techniques nanoscale

Nanoscale Surface-Modification Techniques Using the Scanning Tunneling Microscope... 

Laser ablation of polymer films has been extensively investigated, both for application to their surface modification and thin-film deposition and for elucidation of the mechanism [15]. Dopant-induced laser ablation of polymer films has also been investigated [16]. In this technique ablation is induced by excitation not of the target polymer film itself but of a small amount of the photosensitizer doped in the polymer film. When dye molecules are doped site-selectively into the nanoscale microdomain structures of diblock copolymer films, dopant-induced laser ablation is expected to create a change in the morphology of nanoscale structures on the polymer surface. 

The fundamental surface-modification methods applied to solid fillers in polymer biocomposites, such as those previously outlined, are based on techniques and surface chemistries that have been utilized for several decades. More recently, new methods have been applied to the surface modification of solid fillers intended for use in polymeric biocomposites for orthopedic applications. Plasma polymerization forms polymeric materials, such as nanoscale-thick polymer coatings, via partially ionized gas (plasma) (Larranaga et al., 2013 Nichols et al., 2007). This rapid and solvent-free alternative approach to the conventional wet-surface modification processes previously described has several advantages that may be particularly appealing for the... 

Porous silicon (PS) is one of the nanoscale modifications of silicon. There are various approaches to PS producing that are now in use. The technique most generally employed today is known as wet anodization of a crystalline silicon. With this technique, yield parameters of porous material (porosity, pore size and shape, interpore distance) may be readily varied by anodization regimes. However, it is well known the problem of the PS stability influencing the physical properties of the PS layers. P S instability is c onditioned b y very large specific surface area of the porous material. 

Over the years, various advanced techniques for localized material removal, deposition or chemical modification of surface in the nanoscale with the help of STM tip have been developed. STM and AFM are the potential tools in the fabrication of nanostructure in an atomic resolution. However, in AFM the... 

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