Nanomaterials synthesis, using nanoparticles

Confronted with the often expensive methods used to synthesise nanomaterials, which involve the use of hazardous chemicals, there is a growing concern to develop environmental-friendly and sustainable methods for the synthesis of nanoparticles of different compositions, sizes, shapes, and controlled dispersity, particularly using a green chemistry approach which interconnects nanotechnology and microbial biotechnology. 

The methods used for the synthesis of metal NPss in colloidal solution are very important as they control the size and shape of NPs, which in turn affects their properties. Moreover, successful utilization of NPs in biological assays relies on the availability of nanomaterials in desired size, their morphology, water solubility and surface functionality, Several reviews on the synthesis of nanoparticles are available [93], Some reviews dedicatedly covered the synthesis of gold nanoparticles [109,127,140], Synthesis methods of CG (and other metal colloids) can arbitrarily be divided into following two major categories ... 

In spite of the exquisite control of reaction rate and duration afforded by electrochemical methods, electrodeposition has hardly been used for preparing nanomaterials. An exception to this generalization is the synthesis of nanoparticles and nanorods using the template synthesis method pioneered by Martin (1-6), Moskovits and co-workers (7-9), and Searson and co-workers (10-16). Template synthesis (Scheme 16.1.1) involves the electrodeposition of materials into the pores of ultrafiltration membranes (e.g., Nuclepore and Anopore ) that have uniform, cylindrical, or prismatic pores of a particular size. 

Many present worldwide efforts in Cu nanomaterials synthesis have been shown to be directed towards the stabiUzation of nanostructures, aiming at morphologically, structurally and chemically homogeneous nanoparticle populations with an increased preservation of the elemental oxidation state. The interest towards stability issues-allowing the correct storage, handUng and use of Cu nano materials, without having to use excessive precautions-wiU undoubtedly be intense over the next few years. 

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