Nanofibrous membrane conducting polymers

Furthermore, nanofibrous membranes can be used to develop flexible and conductive nanofibrous electrodes, either with their modification with conducting polymers, or with the inclusion of activated multiwalled carbon nanotubes. The resulting membranes, made conductive by the incorporation of carbon nanotubes or conductive polymers, can be modeled in different forms, as desired, such as cylinders, balloons, spirals, and so on. 

Most of the polymers used in electrospinning are nonconductive. In the next section, different procedures to prepare conductive nanofibrous membranes will be described and applied to the development of fiat and flexible electrode sheet thereby expanding the potential geometries used in electrochemistry. 

A straightforward method to prepare conductive nanofibrous membrane (NFM) is from the electrospinning of conducting polymers (Figure 13.8), such as polypyrrole, polyaniline, polyethylene oxide, and polythiophene [64, 65]. Electrically conducting polymers are known to possess numerous features, which allow them to act as excellent materials for the development of sensing devices as well as for the immobilization of biomolecules in the design of biosensors [66]. 

Alternatively, it is also possible to develop conductive nanofibrous membranes from any kind of nonconductive polymers. At this purpose, conducting fibers made by polyamide... 

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