Nanocomposite xerogel

Heinemann, S., Heinemann, C., Wenisch, S., Alt, V., Worch, H., Hanke, T, 2013. Calcium phosphate phases integrated in silica/collagen nanocomposite xerogels enhance the bioactivity and ultimately manipulate the osteoblast/osteoclast ratio in a human co-culture model. Acta Biomaterialia 9,4878-4888. 

Sol-gel nanocomposites are further subdivided into six categories (1) com-positionaUy different nanocomposites, (2) structurally different nanocomposites, (3) both compositionally and structurally different nanocomposites, (4) nanocomposites of gels with precipitated phases, (5) nanocomposites of xerogels with metal phases, and (6) nanocomposites of inorganic gels and organic molecules. 

Poly(ethylene oxide) is also used in nanocomposites which contain molybdenum disulfide or vanadium oxide. The inorganic filler and the organic matrix interact at a molecular level forming xerogels, which are nanocomposites with controlled ion mobility. ... 

The direct intercalation of polyanihne doped with 12-phosphormohbdic acid (PANI-PMA) into V2O5 xerogels was reported by Posudievsky et al. Treatment of an aqueous solution of the xerogel or its lithium bronze with a solution of PANI-PMA in m-cresol, in equal amounts, led to the formation of (PANI-PMAo.o7)o.34V205. The conductivity of the nanocomposite was found to be 5.0 x 10 S cm [32]. 

M. G. Kanatzidis, C-G. Wu, H. O. Marcy, D. C. DeGroot, and C. R. Kannewurf, Conductive polymer/oxide bronze nanocomposites. Intercalated polythiophene in V2O5 xerogels, Chem. Mater., 2, 222-224 (1990). 

G. M. Kloster, J. A. Thomas, P. W. Brazis, C. R. Kannewurf, and D. F. Shriver, Synthesis, characterization, and transport properties of new mixed ionic-electronic conducting V2O5 -polymer electrolyte xerogel nanocomposites, Chem. Mater., 8, 2418-2420 (1996). 

Y. Hu, W. Chen, Q. Xu, and R. Yuan, Nanocomposite films of M0O3 xerogel with poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) intercalation, J. Mater. Set Technol, 17, S124-S126 (2001). 

C.-G. Wu, D.C. DeGroot, H.O. Marcy, J.L. Schindler, C.R. Kannewurf, Y.-J. liu, W. Hirpo, and M.G. Kanatzidis, Redox intercalative polymerization of aniline in V2O5 xerogel. The postintercalative intralamellar polymer growth in polyaniline/metal oxide nanocomposites is facilitated by molecular oxygen, Chem. Mater., 8, 1992-2004 (1996). 

Figure 7.11 Cycling of xerogel (1) and mechanochemically prepared nanocomposites at 20 mA g PANI jV Oj (2), PTh jV Oj (3), and PPy jV Oj (4). Panel is reproduced with permission [75], Copyright 2011, Elsevier.

Fig. 8. First discharge curves of (a) V2O5 xerogel dried at 100°C, (b) poly(aniline)—V2O5 nanocomposite as prepared, without treatment, (c) V2O5 xerogel dried at 250°C, and (d) poly(aniline)-V20s nanocomposite treated at 80°C for 5 h, as a cathode material by coupling with a lithium metal anode using 1 M LiC104 in a 1 1 mixture of ethylene carbon-ate/dimethoxyethane as electroljde (note x is the ratio intercalated Li /V205). From Ref. 51, with permission.

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