Nanocomposite with oriented confirmation

In 1910, Kolbe was the first to prove that dichroic nanocomposite samples based on gold contained the metal indeed in its zero-valence state. Such affirmation was confirmed a few years later by X-ray scattering. In particular, it was shown that zero-valence silver and gold were present in the respective nanocomposites made with oriented ramie fibers, and the ring-like interference patterns of the metal crystallites showed that the individual primary crystallites were not oriented (32). Based on Scherrer s equation, which was developed just in this period, the average particle diameter of silver and gold crystallites was determined in fibers of ramie, hemp, bamboo, silk, wool, viscose, and cellulose acetate to be between 5 and 14 nm (33). 

We can show by DMTA and DSC that lamellar clays partially restrict the mobility of the starch chains [PAR 02], Nanoclays are also known for having an impact on the permeabihty to water vapor of the corresponding nanocomposites, particularly when they are correctly oriented. Park et al. looked at the permeabihty of nanobiocomposites to water vapor with different types of clay [PAR 02]. According to those authors, all the films analyzed showed decreased permeability to water vapor in comparison to the matrix alone. Such results were not confirmed in the case of OMMT-CS, which has a very highly plasticized matrix [CHI 10a]. In this case, the high affinity of the clay platelets with starch-rich phases creates preferential diffusion pathways through the glycerol-rich phases, in which the platelets tend to be absent. 

PVC / clay nanocomposites have been successfully prepared by the melt blending of PVC with organically modified clay, with their excellait transparency serving as an indicator of nanoscale clay dispersion [18]. Quantitative structural analyses (via x-ray diffraction) confirm significant intercalation and orientation in the direction of flow of the polymer melt, and allow for the possibility of partial exfoliation. 

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