Names of ions

Next we need to learn how to name some simple compounds. There are two parts to the name of any binary (two element) ionic compound the name of the cation and the name of the anion. 

Let us start with the name of the anion. For monatomic (one atom) anions, simply take the name of the element, remove the last couple of letters and add -ide. For example, the Br ion is bromide. The ion is a little tricky in that we might suspect that it should be called oxygide but, in fact, it is the oxide ion. The rest of the anions are easy S is sulfide, As is arsenide, is iodide, and so on. 

Many minerals contain anions that have more than one element covalently bonded to one another. Most of these anions are oxy anions that is, they contain some central element that is attached to one or more oxygen atoms. The entire group of atoms is a charged molecule. The names of these anions are given in Table 3. 

Notice that all have names that end in -ale. The first part of the name is derived from the name of the central element. 

From left to right sulfate, vanadate, phosphate, silicate, carbonate, borate. 

In order to write a chemical formula for compounds, the names of their ions should be known. The oxidation number of some important metals and nonmetals is given in Table 1. 

The numerical values of charges in atoms are also sometimes called 

The valency of elements shows the tendency of atoms to donate or accept electrons in order to stablize their last electron level. 

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The Names of Ions Are Used to Name an Ionic Compound... 

IR-5.2 Stoichiometric names of elements and binary compounds IR-5.3 Names of ions and radicals IR-5.3.1 General IR-5.3.2 Cations IR-5.3.2.1 General IR-5.3.2.2 Monoatomic cations IR-5.3.2.3 Homopolyatomic cations IR-5.3.2.4 Heteropolyatomic cations IR-5.3.3 Anions IR-5.3.3.1 Overview IR-5.3.3.2 Monoatomic anions IR-5.3.3.3 Homopolyatomic anions IR-5.3.3.4 Heteropolyatomic anions IR-5.4 Generalized stoichiometric names... 

IR-6.2.4.1 Heteronuclear acyclic parent hydrides in general IR-6.2.4.2 Hydrides consisting of chains of alternating skeletal atoms IR-6.2.4.3 Heteronuclear monocyclic parent hydrides Hantzsch-Widman nomenclature IR-6.2.4.4 Skeletal replacement in boron hydrides IR-6.2.4.5 Heteronuclear polycyclic parent hydrides IR-6.3 Substitutive names of derivatives of parent hydrides IR-6.3.1 Use of suffixes and prefixes IR-6.3.2 Hydrogen substitution in boron hydrides IR-6.4 Names of ions and radicals derived from parent hydrides... 

This section presents names of ions and radicals that can be formally derived from hydrides by the operations of removal or addition of hydrogen atoms, hydride ions or hydrons. A great many ions and radicals can also be named by additive methods, as described in Chapter IR-7. Many simple ions and radicals are named in Table IX, often by both nomenclature types. 

Anionic species take the ending ate in additive nomenclature, whereas no distinguishing termination is used for cationic or neutral species. Additive names of ions end with the charge number (see Section IR-5.4.2.2). In additive names of radicals, the radical character of the compound may be indicated by a radical dot, , added in parentheses and centred, after the name of the compound. Polyradicals are indicated by the appropriate numeral placed before the dot. For example, a diradical is indicated by (2 ) . 

Now that we have discussed the naming of ions, let us look at the naming of ionic compounds. Example 2.4 illustrates how you name an ionic compound given its formula. 

Name of ion or atom Symbol of particle Number of protons Number of neutrons Number of electrons... 

Name of ion Formula Structure of polyatomic ion Example of compound... 

Hydrogen followed by name of ion from total ionization of acid (dihydrogen in the case of H2PO4 )... 

Element Ions Name of Ion Element Ions Name of Ion... 

Fig. 4.2.3 Apparent standard ion transfer potentials of some hydrophobic ions across nitrobenzene and water interface for preparing moderately hydrophobic ionic liquids 25 °C [43] Cnmim" l-alkyl-3-methylimidazoliiim (alkyl = butyl (n = 4), pentyl(n = 5), hexyl(n = 6), heptyl(n = 7), octyl(n = 8), decyl ( = 10), dodecyl(n = 12)) PyCiCj A-alkyl-W-methylpyrrolidinium (aMyl = butyl( = 4), octyl(n = 8)) C Py iV-alkylpyridinium (alkyl hexyl (n = 6), octyl( = 8), decyl(n = 10), dodecyl(n = 12)) Cnlq" Af-alkyllisoquinolinium (alkyl = butyl(n = 4), dodecyl( = 12), hexadecyl(n = 14)) C CJST (bis (perfluoroalkanesulfonyl)amide m and n stand for the number of difluoromethylene moiety). The value after each abbreviated name of ion indicates the value of inV...

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