N-hydroxysuccinimid-ester

Cefpiramide (64) is a third generation cephalosporin with a l-methyl-[lH)-tetra2ol-5-ylthio-methyl moiety at C-3 and an acylated -hydroxyphenylglycine moiety at C-7. It includes in its activity spectrum reasonable potency in vitro against many strains of Pseudomonas. It can be synthesized in a variety of ways including condensation of cephalosporin antibiotic 63 with 6-methyl-4-(l-H)-pyridone-3-carboxylic acid in the form of its active N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (62) to produce cefpiramide (64) [20,21],... 

Preparation of N-Hydroxysuccinimide Ester of L-(-) y-Benzyloxycarbonylamino-a-Hydroxy-butyric Acid A solution of 10.6 grams (0,042 mol) of L-(-)-7-benzyloxycarbonylamino-o-hydroxybutyric acid and 4.8 grams (0.042 mol) of N-hydroxysuccinimide in 200 ml of... 

Currently, a common form of activated mPEG used for preparation of therapeutic enzymes is mPEG-succinate-N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (SS-PEG) (11). It reacts with proteins in short periods of time under mild conditions, producing extensively modified conjugates with well preserved biological activity. However, the ester linkage between the polymer and the succinic acid residue has limited stability in aqueous media (5,12). 

BMPA is N-(3-maleimidopropionic acid (or 3-maleimidopropionic acid), which contains a thiol-reactive maleimide group at one end and a carboxylate group on the other end (Rich et al., 1975 Moroder, 1983, 1987). The compound is the acid precursor to the short, heterobifunctional crosslinker 3-maleimidopropionic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (BMPS). 

Yan, M., Cai, S.X., Wybourne, M.N., and Keana, J.F.W. (1994) N-Hydroxysuccinimide ester functionalized perfluorophenyl azides as novel photoactivatable heterobifunctional cross-linking reagents. The covalent immobilization of biomolecules to polymer surfaces. Bioconjugate Chem. 5, 151-157. 

Yoshitake, S., Yamada, Y., Ishikawa, E., and Masseyeff, R. (1979) Conjugation of glucose oxidase from Aspergillus niger and rabbit antibodies using N-hydroxysuccinimide ester of N-(4-carboxycyclohexyl methyljmaleimide. Eur.J. Biochem. 101, 395-399. 

M Loew, Kisfaludy, L. Some observations with N-hydroxysuccinimide esters (3-dimethylaminopropylamine). Acta Chim Acad Sci Hung 44, 61, 1965. 

The spacer arm length between the hapten and the carrier is in the range of 6 to 8 A, which should eliminate any steric interference with carrier side chains. According to the protocol described by Schultz the haptens were coupled to BSA and KLH via A-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-A -ethylcarbodiimide or the N-hydroxysuccinimide ester at pH 5.5 in water. Other coupling strategies include substitution with diazonium salts and reductive amination. The ratio of hapten-carrier range between 8 and 15 haptens per carrier. 

Azido-benzoic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (HSAB) (photoactivation) -NH2... 

N-Maieimidomethyi)-Cyciohexane-1-Carbonic Acid N-Hydroxysuccinimide Ester (SMCC)... 

The avidin-biotin interaction has also been used to immobilize antibodies and proteins, especially in commercial systems based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) measurements (e.g., the BIAcore). The extraordinary affinity (Kl 10-15 M) of avidin (or its bacterial relative, streptavidin) for the vitamin biotin is the basis of this immobilization procedure. A solid support (e.g., glass beads, sensor chip, optical fiber) covered with avidin can be used as an activated carrier for a very sturdy immobilization of previously biotinylated antibodies. In spite of the many methods for biotinylating proteins described in the literature, the use of biotinyl N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (BNHS) and similar derivatives, remains the most useful [65]. 

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