N-Butyl benzene

The fact that n-butyl benzene can be prepared in reasonable yield by the action of sodium upon a mixture of bromobenzene and re-butyl bromide can be partly explained on the assumption that re-butyl bromide reacts with phenjd-sodium more rapidly than does bromobenzene. It is interesting to note that re-butylbenzene can be prepared either from benz.vlsodium and re-propyl bromide or from phenylsodium and re-butyl bromide (Section VI,29). 

Fig. 8.6. Shear rate dependence of viscosity as a function of concentration. Data were obtained on a single narrow distribution sample of polystyrene (Mw = 411000) in n-butyl benzene (155) at 30° C. (Reproduced from Transactions of the Society of Rheologie, Volume 11, Fig. 2, p. 273, New York Wiley Sons.)...

Fig. 8.10. Viscosity-shear rate master curve for concentrated polystyrene-n-butyl benzene solutions. The data were obtained for molecular weights ranging from 160000 to 2400000 concentrations from 0.255 to 0.55 gm/ml, and temperatures from 30° C to 60° C (155)...

Fig. 8.11. Dimensionless shear rate / 0 locating the onset of shear rate dependence for viscosity in narrow distribution polystyrene systems. Symbols are O for solutions at 30° C in n-butyl benzene (155), 9 f°r solutions at 25° C in arochlor (177), and 4 for undiluted polymers at 159° and 183° C (324). Values for the intrinsic viscosity (cM=0) lie in the range /i0 = 1-2, varying somewhat with solvent-polymer interaction and molecular weight...

Fig. 8.15. Viscosity vs shear rate in concentrated solutions of narrow distribution polystyrene The solvent in n-butyl benzene, the concentration is 0.300 gm/ml and the temperature is 30° C. The symbols are O for M = 860000 and for M = 411000 at low shear rates (155) and at high shear rates (346). The solid line for M= 860000 is the master curve for monodisperse systems from Graessley (227). The solid line for M=411000 is the master curve from Ree-Eyring (341). Either master curve fits data for both molecular weights...

Since the work described above was completed, 23 additional hydrocarbons have been brought to cool-flame combustion in the same apparatus (19). Any paraffin, cycloparaffin, or olefin having a research octane number not to exceed 90 may be brought to cool-flame combustion by such a procedure. Aromatic hydrocarbons for the most part do not fall within the indicated range, but n-butyl benzene yields a cool flame with much smoke and soot formation. 

FIG. 16.18 Non-Newtonian viscosity ratio for solutions of narrow molecular weight distribution polystyrenes in n-butyl benzene, plotted vs. reduced shear rate q/q0, where qa, equal to the reciprocal of the characteristic time constant Tn, is chosen empirically for each solution. The data were obtained for molecular weights ranging from 160 to 2400 kg/mol and for concentrations ranging from 0.255 to 0.55 g/ml at temperatures from 30 to 60 °C.The full line is calculated with the aid of Eqs. (16.52)—(16.55). From Graessley, Hazleton and Lindeman (1967). Courtesy Society of Rheology. 

In October 2006 the Musselmonitor, equipped with 8 zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha), installed at the water company Water Maatschappij Limburg (WML) along the River Meuse at Beegden (NL) showed an alarm. Chemical analysis of the water sample that was collected indicated the presence of the plasticizer N-butyl benzene sulfonamide (N-BBSA) its source remained unknown. In February 2007, as a result of this incident, the water company included this compound in the set of routine... 

A device based on a crystal coated with nugol-transchloro-carbonyl bis.(triphenylphosphine)irridium(l) was reported to detect aromatic hydrocarbons preferentially over aliphatic ones and ordinary olefines (30). Xylenes, benzaldehyde, 1,3,5-trimethylben-zene, anisole, n-butyl benzene, could be detected at low concentrations, but hexane, heptane, octane, and cyclohexane were detected at high concentrations. The coating was less sensitive to benzene and toluene, and did not respond to moisture. The detector was used to monitor auto exhaust for aromatic hydrocarbons. 

Figure 7.5 The k(E) curves, experimental (shaded region and vertical lines) and RRKM calculations (lines), for the dissociation of n-butyl benzene ions. The two reactions proceed via "tight" and "loose" transition states. Taken with permission from Baer et al. (1988).

Fig. 9.2 (continued). D) AmelASPl complexed with n-butyl-benzene-sulfonamide (a plastics additive),E) LmaPBP with H3B2 bound,F) LUSH complexed with ethanol. The top row of structures reveals the overall fold of the protein, while the bottom row is a cutaway view of the molecule with the protein surface and binding eavity shown as mesh. Images were prepared using PyMOL (Delano, W.L. 2004). 

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