Myocardial oxidation oxidative phosphorylation

Zhao et al. (36) found that some citric acid metabolites are decreased in acute ischemia and acute myocardial disease. The citric acid plays an important role in oxidative phosphorylation and ATP production in the cardiomyo-cytes in which levels of citric acid cycle intermediates are supplied by glycolysis and (1-oxidation of fatty acids. 

Figure 19-1 a Normal and ischemic myocardial metabolism of glucose. A total production of 36 moles of ATP results from the aerobic catabolism of 1 mole of glucose and use of NADH and FADH. in the oxidative phosphorylation process in mitochondria. When oxygen is not available, NADH and FADH levels rise and shut off the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Pyruvate is converted to lactate. Only 2 moles of ATP are formed from anaerobic catabolism of 1 mole of glucose. (Adapted from Giuliani, E. R., ei al. Cardiology Fundamentals and Practice, 2nd ed. By permission of the Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN.)... 

F. Gao, E. Gao, T.L. Yue, E.H. Ohlstein, B.L. Lopez, T.A. Christopher, and X.L. Ma, Nitric oxide mediates the antiapoptotic effect of insulin in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion the roles of PI3-kinase, Akt, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation, Circulation 105, 1497-1502 (2002). 

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