Mutations tumor prognosis

Taniguchi M, Nishida T, Hirota S, et al. Effect of c-kit mutation on prognosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Cancer Res. 1999 59 4297-4300. 

Activation of protooncogenes, inhibition or mutation of tumor suppressor genes, and production of autocrine growth factors contribute to ceUular proliferation and malignant transformation. Molecular changes, such as P53 mutations and overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor, also affect disease prognosis and response to therapy. 

Fmally, metastasis occurs with other chromosome losses. The clinical usefulness of detection of mutations in tumor suppressor genes lies not only in the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer, but also in the prediction of susceptibility when the mutation is carried in the germline, such as with the breast cancer genes BRCAl and BRCA2. 

The tumor suppressor gene p53 orchestrates the transcriptional regulation of cell cycle control elements. p53 mutations represent the most common genetic alterations in human malignancies.2 ° A number of studies have revealed p53 mutations in 40% to 60% of invasive bladder cancers and their association with a worse prognosis.2 1295 altered protein product of... 

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