Mutan synthesis

Kobayashi, M., Funane, K., and Oguma, T. 1995. Inhibition of dextran and mutan synthesis by cycloisomaltooligosaccharides. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 59, 1861-1865. 

CAO G (1995) Influence of tea catechins on the synthesis of extracellular glucan and the adherence of Streptococcus mutans bacteria , JTea Sci, 15 (10), 57-60. 

Thermally responsive polymers, such as poly( V-isopropyl acrylamide) (NI-PAm), have also been studied extensively for applications related to those previously discussed [112], De las Heras et al. described the synthesis and patterning of NIPAm brushes on SAMs and their subsequent performance during temperature-dependent adhesion assays of BSA and Streptococcus mutans (Fig. 7). The authors employed p.CP to pattern features of hydrophobic hexadecanethiol and backfilled the surface with an initiator-functionalized alkanethiol. Polymer brushes were grown via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). FITC-BSA was then... 

Thus, in the 1940s and 50s, the primer mechanism was assumed for the synthesis of dextran.52 5369,70 This mechanism was strengthened in the 1970s when Germaine et a/.71-73 found that the addition of dextran to digests of Strep, mutans dextransu-crase increased the rate of dextran synthesis. They found that the rate reached a maximum when the average size of the added dextran was 30 glucose residues.7172... 

Fig. 5.—Two-site insertion mechanism for the synthesis of Strep, mutans mutan by mutansucrase. The symbols are the same as in Fig. 3 with the substitution of Y for X as the nucleophiles represents a glucose residue linked a-(l—>3)to another glucose residue. Y orients the glucosyl units so that their 3-hydroxyl groups can attack at C-l of the apposed glucosyl unit.

Dental caries is a common chronic disease in which contact between teeth, food, and bacteria is involved. The major bacteria involved are believed to be Streptococcus mutans and S. sobrinus, although several Other types of bacteria are involved. Three stages have been outlined in caries adherence of bacteria to the teeth, formation of glycocalyx due to synthesis of a sticky glucan by the action of the bacterial enzyme glucosyl transferase on sucrose, and accumulation of plaque, which is a biofilm. In the dental plaque, there is continuing acid production by the bacteria, which are able to metabolize carbohydrates in acid medium, and the acid demineralizes the enamel of the teeth. 

Hiroi T, Fukushima K, Kantake I, Namiki Y, Ikeda T De novo glucan synthesis by mutans streptococcal glycosyltransferases present in pellicle promotes firm binding of Streptococcus gordonii to tooth surfaces. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1992 96 193-198. 

Fig. 15.9 Synthesis of mutan from sucrose by S. mutans. (a) Reaction of sucrose with glycosyl transferase (see text), (b) Fates of the products, (i) The sucrose is hydrolyzed at its glycoside bond (red O atom also shown in c-i). The glucose moiety b-i is briefly enzyme bound as indicated in [c(ii)] and polymerized to mutan by the enzyme interacting at the Cl and C3 positions. The fructose is transferred intracellularly and metabolized to lactose which is secreted. The fructose metabolism provides energy, (c) Glucosyl transferase mode of action (see text)...

Synthesis of full-length IgGl Tobacco IgG (Guy s 13) specific for S. mutans surface protein (SA I/II) AMT 17,40... 

McCabe and Smith" have observed that the cell-associated dextransucrase elaborated by S. mutans strain Kl-R is not bound to the cell-wall structure, but is derived from a water-soluble form of the enzyme that becomes incorporated into the (dextran) cell-capsule during dextran synthesis. As synthesis of dextran proceeds, the initially soluble enzyme is converted into two dextran-bound enzyme fractions, one bound reversibly and the other bound irreversibly to the water-insoluble polysaccharide. The soluble dextransucrase is progressively changed to the irreversibly bound enzyme and is inactivated. In terms of the reaction... 

Jabbour, A., Steinberg, D., Dembitsky, V. M., Moussaieff, A., Zaks, B., Srebnik, M. Synthesis and evaluation of oxazaboroUdines for antibacterial activity against streptococcus mutans. J. Med. Cherru... 

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