Mustard agents health effects

CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). 1988. Final Recommendations for Protecting Health and Safety Against Potential Adverse Effects of Long-Term Exposure to Low Doses of Agents GA, GB, VX Mustard Agent (H, HD, T) and Lewisite (L). Federal Register, Vol. 53, No. 50, March 15. 

DHHS (US Department of Health and Human Services) (1988). Final recommendations for protecting the health and safety against potential adverse effects of long-term exposure to low doses of agents GA, GB, VX, mustard agent (H, HD, HT), and lewisite (L). US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control. Fed. Reg. 53(50) 8504-7. 

Sidell, F.R., Hurst, C.G. (1997). Long-term health effects of nerve agents and mustard. In Textbook of Military Medicine -Medical Aspects of Chemical and Biological Warfare (R. Zajtchuk, R.F. Bellamy, eds), pp. 229 6. Office of the Surgeon General, Deptirtment of the Army, Washington, DC. 

Smith, K.J., Hurst, C.G., Moeller, R.B., Skelton, H.G., Sidell, F.R. (1995). Sulfur mustard its continuing threat as a chemical warfare agent, the cutaneous lesions induced, progress in understanding its mechanism of action, its long-term health effects, and new developments for protection and therapy. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 32 16S-16. 

An antidote is available for lewisite exposure. BAL (British-Anti-Lewisite dimercaprol) was developed by the British during World War II. The antidote is produced in oil diluent for intramuscular administration to counter the systemic effects of lewisite. There is no effect, however, on the skin lesions (eyes, skin, and respiratory system) from the antidote. Mustard agents (H), (HD), (HS), and (HT), like nerve agents, would be classihed as Class 6.1 poisons by the DOT and would have NFPA 704 designations of health 4, flammability 1, reactivity 1, and special... 

LONG-TERM HEALTH EFFECTS OF NERVE AGENTS AND MUSTARD... 

Long-Term Health Effects of Nerve Agents and Mustard... 

Available information implicates the nerve agents and mustard as the cause or probable cause of several long-term health effects. 

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