Musca domestica pheromone biosynthesis

Adams T. S., Holt G. G. and Blomquist G. J. (1984a) Endocrine control of pheromone biosynthesis and mating behavior in the housefly, Musca domestica. In Advances in Invertebrate Reproduction 3, ed. W. Engels, pp. 441 -56. Elsevier, Amsterdam. 

Blomquist G. J., Adams T. S., Halamkar P. P., Gu P., Mackay M. E. and Brown L. (1992) Ecdysteroid induction of sex pheromone biosynthesis in the housefly, Musca domestica. Are other factors involved J. Insect Physiol. 38, 309-318. 

Figure 4.2 Pheromone hydrocarbon biosynthesis in Drosophila melanogaster (left) and Musca domestica (right). The steps within a grey background occur only in mature females.

Z)-9-Tricosene is a pheromone on the surface of female Musca domestica the common housefly. Outline its probable biosynthesis from acetic acid units. 

---