Multistep Biocatalytic Conversions

Despite the general compatibility between biocatalysts and apparent advantages of one-pot cascades, there are downsides to performing multiple transformations in the same reaction vessel. With different reactions running simultaneously, it is impossible to obtain an operating condihon that is optimal for all reactions. In other words, most reactions in the cascade will be compromised in terms of reaction rates or enzyme stability. Moreover, side products from some reactions may be inhibitory to others as previously mentioned in the DKR of mandelic acid to form L-phenylglycine. 

Chemoenzymatic routes for preparation of ursodeoxycholic acid, (a) Enzymatic conversion of cholic acid to 12-ketodeoxy-cholic acid, (b) Enzymatic conversion of dehydrocholic acid to 12-ketodeoxycholic acid. HSDH, hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases. 

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Biocatalysis for drug discovery and development with an industrial perspective, and biocatytic cascade reactions with e integration of biocatalysts with one or more additional reaction steps, and multistep biocatalytic reaction sequences and multienzyme-catalyzed conversions, are presented. 

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