Multiplex syntheses

Fig. 7. Multiplex synthesis using a perfluoroalkyl-derivatised tin hydride reagent.

As well as labelling reagents permanently fluorous, Curran has also labelled substrates temporarily fluorous for multiplex synthesis. For example, a series of fluorous aryl tin substrates were prepared (Fig. 8) and used as variable pieces of a small library of Stifle couplings [86-88]. A mixture of tin reactant (32a-d, 1.2 equivalents), halide or triflate (35a-e, 2 mmol, 1 equivalent), PdCl2(PPh3)2 (2 mol%) and LiCl (3 equivalents) in THF/DMF (1/1,1 cm3) was heated at 80°C for 22 h. The reactions were carried out in groups of five by reacting one tin reactant with all five partners in separate vials simultaneously. After evaporation of the solvent, the crude... 

Novae, O., Guenier, A. S., and Pelletier, J. (2004). Inhibitors of protein synthesis identified by a high throughput multiplexed translation screen. Nucleic Acids Res. 32, 902-915. 

The chemical world is often divided into measurers and makers of molecules. This division has deep historic roots, but it artificially impedes taking advantage of both aspects of the chemical sciences. Of key importance to all forms of chemistry are instruments and techniques that allow examination, in space and in time, of the composition and characterization of a chemical system under study. To achieve this end in a practical manner, these instruments will need to multiplex several analytical methods. They will need to meet one or more of the requirements for characterization of the products of combinatorial chemical synthesis, correlation of molecular structure with dynamic processes, high-resolution definition of three-dimensional structures and the dynamics of then-formation, and remote detection and telemetry. 

The synthesis can be carried out manually or automated using a Symphony/Multiplex multiple peptide synthesizer or an Argonaut Nautilus. 

Advances in chemical synthesis have enabled considerable sophistication in the construction of diverse compound libraries to probe protein function [61, 62). However, few general techniques exist that can directly assess binding mechanisms and evaluate ligand afEnities in a multiplexed format. To realize the full potential of combinatorial chemistry in the drug discovery process, generic and efficient tools must be applied that combine mixture-based techniques to characterize protein-ligand interactions with the strengths of diversity-oriented chemical synthesis. 

Tian J, Gong H, Sheng N, Zhou X, Gulari E, Gao X, Church GM (2004) Accurate multiplex gene synthesis from programmable DNA microchips. Nature 432 1050-1054... 

From this example, it appears that all the inputs to NextState, the value 12, the value 5, and the variable CurrentState, should be multiplexed using appropriate select lines into the D-input of the inferred flip-flops for Next-State. This is exactly what occurs as shown in the synthesized netlist in Figure 2-55. So then, how can we infer flip-flops with synchronous preset and clear A synthesis system may provide a solution for this by providing a special option for directing the synthesis system to generate a synchronous preset clear flip-flop. 

Chapter 3 describes how Verilog HDL constructs are collectively used to model hardware elements. While Chapter 2 describes the mapping of Verilog HDL to logic gates, this chapter describes the opposite scenario, which is, how to model a hardware element in Verilog HDL for synthesis. Elaborate examples are provided for many common hardware elements, such as multiplexers, counters, decoders and arithmetic-logic-units. 

Apolar nematic compounds usually possess a low k2,-ilk ratio e.g. 1.0 < 33/ < 1.5), partially due to the absence of molecular dimers. However, they are still essential components of nematic mixtures for STN-LCDs, since they are used to lower the viscosity and melting point of a nematic mixture of polar components as well as improve the multiplexability of the mixture due in part to the reduction in the proportion of molecular dimers of associated polar molecules. Therefore, the synthesis of the first polar alkenyl liquid crystals with high k jku ratios led to the synthesis of a series of apolar alkenyl-substituted compounds with the carbon-carbon double bond in various positions in the terminal chain. Some typical compounds (140-149) are shown in Table... 

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