Multiphoton bioimaging

Rare Earth Complexes as Multiphoton Luminescence Probes for Bioimaging... 

S.W. Hell, J. Soukka, P.E. Hanninen, Two- and multiphoton detection as an imaging mode and means of increasing the resolution in far-fleld light microscopy. Bioimaging 3, 65-69 (1995)... 

Multiphoton or two-photon laser scanning microscopy is an alternative to confocal and time-resolved microscopy for bioimaging applications. The principle has been discussed in Lanthanides Luminescence Applications and concerns a two-photon excitation from the simultaneous absorption of two photons in a single quantized event. A bioprobe that normally absorbs ultraviolet light (Xex = 350 nm) can also be excited by two photons of NIR light, at 700 nm (the wavelength is twice that required for one-photon excitation). These two photons must interact simultaneously, which means in a very small lapse time. The instrumentation requires pulse lasers to provide sufficient power, as the photon density must... 

In this chapter, we review bioimaging experiments based on lanthanide luminescence, essentially restricting ourselves to the cases dealing with lanthanide complexes and singlephoton excitation since multiphoton imaging is dealt with more completely in Chapter 5 while bioimaging with UCNPs is reviewed in Chapter 7. Literature is systematically covered up to the end of 2011 while selected newer entries are introduced in Section 4.3. 

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