Multifunctional Neutral

Interferons (EFNs) are a family of multifunctional secreted proteins in vertebrates. Their most prominent functions are their antiviral properties on homologous cells against a wide range of viruses. It is important to note that prior exposure to EFN is required to render cells resistant to viral infection and replication. In contrast to antibodies, EFNs have no direct neutralizing effect on viruses. 

The most important physical methods are physical and ionic adsorption on a water-insoluble matrix, inclusion and gel entrapment, and microencapsulation with a liquid or a solid membrane. The most important chemical methods include covalent attachment to a water-insoluble matrix, cross-hnking with the use of a multifunctional, low-molecular weight reagent, and co-cross-linking with other neutral substances, for example proteins. 

This use of free radical reactions offers an alternative to ionic reactions which are well known in carbohydrate chemistry. The neutral conditions and mild work-up of these phototransformations are often of great interest in the synthesis of multifunctional molecules. 

Use Multifunctional amine, used as codispersant, solubilizer, stabilizer, neutralizer, buffer, and catalyst. 

Two A A -enoyl-CoA isomerases have been characterized in humans a mitochondrial monofunctional enzyme and a peroxisomal activity as part of a multifunctional A A -enoyl-CoA isomerase/2-enoyl-CoA hydratase/3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase enzyme. The mitochondrial isoform has the same subunit size as the rat short-chain isomerase (30kDa), although it does not have any clear chain-length specificity and its pi value is 6.5. The human mitochondrial A A -enoyl-CoA isomerase exhibits a sequence identity of 74% and 78% to the rat counterpart at the amino acid and nucleotide levels, respectively. Many basic amino acid residues in the rat isomerase have been changed to acidic or neutral residues in the human enzyme, explaining in part the differences observed between these proteins. 

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