Multi-junction polymer solar cells recombination layers

Several excellent reviews exist on polymer tandem solar cells and we refer to these publications for a comprehensive overview. In this chapter we focus on the materials requirements for creating efficient polymer solar cells and intermediate contact layers. In the following paragraphs, we will outline the operational principles in more detail. We will then review the most important photoactive materials used in polymer multi-junction cells and outline the material combinations that can used for the recombination layer. We conclude with an overview of recent achievements that have pushed the efficiency to well over 10% and address the progress in processing of large area tandem polymer solar cells. 

Polymer multi-junction cells have also achieved noticeable attention. In Table 11.2 we provide an overview of the multi-junction cells that had been published up to the end of 2014. In 2007, Gilot et al showed that it is possible fully to solution process three photoactive layers and two recombination layers based on ZnO/PEDO PSS and obtain a working triple junction solar cell with koc = 2. 19 By the same procedure, six-fold junction cells with... 

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