Multi chemical-biological systems

The methods discussed here merely represent the beginning of increasingly complex computational architectures, where more than one QM method may be combined with other QM methods, MM methods, continuum electrostatic approaches and coarse-grained models in a coherent multi-scale framework. With such developments, increasingly complex chemical and biological systems can be analyzed computationally in a routine and realistic fashion. 

A compromise solution to these problems has been sought in the use of micelles and emulsions, both of which have been examined as potential liquid decontamination media. The best studied of a number of such systems are the German emulsion with the code name a microemulsion system MCBD (multi-purpose chemical, biological decontaminant) and the phase-transfer system by Ramsden et All of these systems use tetra-chloroethane as the organic phase and active chlorine as the decontaminant. 

Although the illustration of the differential flow instability without an activator refers to a chemical system, similar examples can be found in physics. Apparently, the multi-mode instability in a laser without a saturable absorber and with bad cavity is of the same nature [5]. Beam instabilities in plasmas can probably also be treated in the same way, although the common approach involves analysis of dielectric permittivity rather than dynamic equations [6]. However, this kind of instability has previously not been considered in chemical or biological systems where it may be no less important. 

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