Mucor circinelloides

Mucic acid [526-99-8] Mucoadhesives Muconic acid [505-70-4] Mucopolysaccharidoses Mucor circinelloides Mucor spp. 

Carotene Yellow-orange Mucor circinelloides (fungus) DS... 

Another process patented by Givaudan uses Mucor circinelloides as a biocatalyst for the production of 4-decanolide [228]. Here the natural substrate is the ethyl ester of decanoic acid which is isolated from coconut oil. The key microbial activity harnessed in this process is the stereoselective and regioselective hydroxylation of the fatty acid in the y-position, which is followed by spontaneous lactonisation of the hydroxy fatty acid under acidic conditions and results in yields of up to 10.5 g 4-decanolide after 60 h. 

As mentioned before (2.1.1) Arfmann et al. [133] studied the co-hydroxylation of the sesquiterpenes nerolidol and famesol and the related compounds neryl- and geranylacetone. This was done because co-hydroxylated sesquiterpenes are important intermediates in the synthesis of industrially used fragrances and flavours. Aspergillus niger ATCC 9142 and Rhodococcus rubropertinctus DSM 43197 were unable to hydroxylate nerylacetone or its -isomer geranylacetone, at the co-position of the molecule. Incubation of nerylacetone with Mucor circinelloides CBS 27749 for 25 hr resulted in seven transformation products, including one co-hydroxylation compound, in 3% yield [140]. 

A pharmacokinetic study of 16a revealed that one of the main metabolites in hiunan urine is (14/ )-14-hydroxyl CAM (35) [21] (Fig. 7). Compound 35 showed almost the same level of in vitro activity as 1 and greatly increased in vivo activity [16]. Because the excretion amount of 35 in urine was more than 35%, its pharmacokinetic behavior and in vivo activity needed to be investigated. Compound 35 was finally obtained by bioconversion of 16a using a fungus, Mucor circinelloides [22]. 

Papp, T., Velayos, A., Bartok, T., Eslava, A.P., Vagvolgyi, C., and Iturriaga, E.A. 2006. Heterologous expression of astaxanthin biosynthesis genes in Mucor circinelloides. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 69 526-531. 

Andrade, V. S., Sarubho, L. A., Fukushima, K., Myaji, M., Nishimura, K, and Takaki, G. M. C. (2002). Production of extracellular proteases by mucor circinelloides using D-glucose as carbon source substrate, Braz. I. Microbiol.. 33(2 106-110. 

Andrade, V.S., Neto, B.d.B., Fukushima, K., and Campos-Takaki, G.M. 2003. Effect of medium components and time of cultivation on chitin production by Mucor circinelloides (Mucor javanicus IFO 4570)—JS factorial study. Rev Iberoam Micol. 20 149-153. 

Partheniol, Sa-hydroxybicyclogermacrene (108) isolated from Partheniutn argentatum x Parthenium tomentosum, was cultured in the media of Mucor circinelloides ATCC 15242 to afford six metabolites, a humulane (109), three maaliane (110,112,113), an aromadendrane (111), and a tricylohumulane triol (114), the isomer of compound 111. Compounds 110, 111, and 114 were isolated as their acetates (Figure 20.36). 

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