Moving vehicles, collisions

Collision Impact of a moving vehicle with another moving vehicle, stationary olject, or pedestrian. 

Warning systems would be effective in 42% of rear-end crash situations where the lead vehicle was decelerating, and effective in 75% of rear-end crashes where the lead vehicle was not moving. Overall, collision warning systems would be 51% effective. 3 studies (Kanianthra andMertig, 1997). 

The vehicles in the simulation move on a straight street and have dimensions typical for mid-size vehicles. The braking capabilities are typical for up-to-date vehicles and typical road surfaces. The implemented preventive pedestrian protection system is thus modeled as part of the vehicle. Once the pedestrian is visible for the system, the probability per unit time that the pedestrian is detected by the system is modeled as a constant. The algorithm of the system includes a prediction of the vehicle s movement and the pedestrian s movement as well as the calculation of a collision probability as basis for a system action. The system itself has various stochastic components, e.g., inaccuracies regarding position and speed of the pedestrian. Depending... 

Rear-End Collision In a rear-end colhsion, one vehicle strikes another vehicle in front of it. The front vehicle is usually at rest or may be moving at some speed less than the... 

Some of the hazards associated with this vehicle are collisions with pedestrians, other vehicles or structures, such as scaffolding. They can be struck by falling materials and tools or be overloaded. The person driving the truck can be thrown from the vehicle, come into contact with moving parts on the truck, suffer the effects of whole body vibrations due to driving over potholes in the roadway and suffer from the effects of noise and dust. 

The developed method for the determination of safe, optimal changes of the ship s course and speed in collision situation at sea, with the presence of other ships and taking into account the static obstacles, constitutes a process of determining a safe, optimal transition path of a moving object in a dynamic environment. The solution of this problem is widely used in robotics and military, for instance in control systems of unmanned vehicles. 

For both scenarios under consideration, all the transmitted packets are broadcast packets, the wireless channel is ideal, and the only source of packet errors is the transmission collision. Table 3.1 summarizes the simulation parameters and Figs. 3.10 and 3.11 show snap shots of the simulated highway and city scenarios respectively, where the black and white triangles represent vehicles moving in opposite directions. The same slot duration and total number of time slots per frame are used for all the MAC protocols under consideration (Sect. 3.5.3). 

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