Motor fuels oxygenates

Dowex. [Dow] Catalysts for prod, of motor fuel oxygenates ion exchange resins. 

In the standard method, the metal enclosure (called the air chamber) used to hold the hydrocarbon vapors is immersed in water before the test, then drained but not dried. This mode of operation, often designated as the wet bomb" is stipulated for all materials that are exclusively petroleum. But if the fuels contain alcohols or other organic products soluble in water, the apparatus must be dried in order that the vapors are not absorbed by the water on the walls. This technique is called the dry bomb" it results in RVP values higher by about 100 mbar for some oxygenated motor fuels. When examining the numerical results, it is thus important to know the technique employed. In any case, the dry bomb method is preferred. 

Refiners will turn to reformulated motor fuels where the octane number will be increased by alkylate or oxygenated compounds. It has indeed been shown for a long time that oxygenated compounds, alcohols, ethers and ketones Improved the octane number of hydrocarbon-based blends (Whitcomb, 1975). 

In a rocket motor fueled with butane, C4H10, how many kilograms of liquid oxygen should be provided with each kilogram of butane to provide for complete combustion ... 

There can be little doubt that oxygen-containing hydrocarbons (oxygenates) will play an increasingly prominent role as components of motor fuels and, potentially, as raw materials for other petrochemical-based processes. The last decade has seen increasing use of oxygenates, including alcohol blends and methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE), as octane... 

You have undoubtedly seen and felt the effects of some of these titles already. The air pollution and motor vehicle titles have been addressed by new laws requiring oxygenated motor fuels and low-sulfur coal for electric power plants. The Clean Air Act has affected refrigerants in automotive and stationary air conditioning and refrigeration equipment and the manufacture of some types of foamed plastics. 

It would seem that a more practical approach to the upgrading of pyrolytic liquids from biomass is to utilize what is already on hand, namely, the oxygenated product liquids. Instead of conversion to hydrocarbons, which usually requires severe reaction conditions, why not convert the liquids by simple chemistry to other liquids that are suitable for use as motor fuels or additives Although not directly related to pyrolysis, this approach has been pursued in... 

The raw material for oxygenate manufacture does not have to be biomass, but it is used as feedstock to help supply the growing demand. Since the introduction of RFG with oxygenates to the U.S. motor fuel market in January... 

TABLE 11.1 Comparison of Key Properties of Some Oxygenates and Motor Fuels... 

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