Morphology zero-dimensional structures

In the case of (a), the zero-dimensional (0-D) nanostructure is composed of nanoparticles whose fabrication requires the control of more than merely their diminutive size. For any practical applications such as electroactive components in electrodes, the processing conditions must be controlled so that the resulting nanoparticles have the following characteristics (a) identical size of aU particles (also referred to as monosized or quasi-monosized), (b) identical shape or morphology, and (c) identical or at least very similar chemical composition and crystal structure. Single crystalline nanoparticles are often referred to in the literature as nanocrystals. When the characteristic dimensions of nanoparticles are sufficiently small and quantum effects are observed, these nanoparticles are commonly... 

Fullerenes are carbon allotropes discovered in 1985 by Harold W. Kroto, Robert E Curl and Richard E. Smalley. These carbon nanostructures possess icosahedral symmetry and are sp hybridized. Fullerenes have a closed cage-like structure and are examples for zero-dimensional CNMs. Depending on the number of carbon atoms that a cluster possesses, these are named (contains 60 carbon atoms), C (contains 70 carbon atoms), Cg (contains 84 carbon atoms), etc. The unique morphology of these CNMs possess large surface area to volume ratio and is suitable for a wide variety of applications. Synthesis methods of fullerenes are well developed [7-9]. 

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