Morphology on Device Performance

The electron current in such devices is much smaller than, and fully masked by, the current of the majority carriers. For this reason, Al/Ooct-OPV5/Ca de- 

Spectral modes within the narrow peak. However, mode structure was not observed in any of our measurements. Since both ASE and lasing are based on stimulated emission, the difference is not very important in the context of the electrically pumped organic laser. Moreover, because the distinction is not a key issue here, we consider the gain phenomena observed in systems without external feedback to be mirrorless lasing. 

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Edman, L., Liu, B., Vehse, M., Swensen, J., Bazan, G.C., Heeger, A.J., (2005), Singlecomponent Light-emitting Electrochemical Cell Fabricated from Cationic Polyfluorene Effect of Film Morphology on Device Performance. /. Appl. Phys. Vol.98, 044502. 

To compare the impact of these different morphologies on photovoltaic performance, devices are fabricated in an identical manner except for the choice of solvent (either toluene or chlorobenzene) used for spin-coating the active layer (MDMO PPV PCBM, 1 4 by wt.). Characterization of the devices is performed under illumination by a solar simulator. The AM 1.5 power... 

C. Y. Kwong, A. B. DjuriSid, P. C. Chui, K. W. Cheng, W. K. Chan, Influence of Solvent on Film Morphology and Device Performance of Poly(3-Hexylthiophene) Ti02 Nanocomposite Solar Cells. Chemical Physics Letters 2004, 384, 372-375. 

Chu, T.Y. et al. (2011) Morphology control in polycarbazole based bulk heterojunction solar cells and its impact on device performance. Appl. Phys. Lett., 98 (25), 253-301. 

A.P. Kulkarni and S.A. Jenekhe, Blue light-emitting diodes with good spectral stability based on blends of poly(9,9-dioctyfluorene) interplay between morphology, photophysics, and device performance, Macromolecules, 36 5285-5296, 2003. 

Materials in a colloidal state are frequently preferred in industrial processing operations because their large surface areas per unit volume enhance chemical reactivity, adsorptive capacity, heat transfer rates, and so on. Therefore, one cannot overlook the importance of the flow behavior and properties of colloids since they exert a significant influence on the performance, efficiency, and economy of the process. Note that some examples of this (e.g., ceramic processing, electrophoretic display devices, and food colloids) were mentioned in the vignettes presented in Chapter 1. In addition, one often uses the flow properties and behavior of the products as measures of the microstructure (or, morphology ) of the products and as a means of quality control (e.g., printing inks, toners, paints, skin creams, blood substitutes,... 

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