Morphine Ketoprofen

Few analgesics such as morphine and related opiates have been prohibited in human sports, and all members of the class of analgesic therapeutics are not allowed for the treatment of competing animals. Hence, various methods using HPLC were established to determine the presence of these compounds in urine and blood samples, and comprehensive assays enabled the detection of 10-100 ng/mL of analytes such as morphine, ketoprofen, naproxen,... 

Fig. 4.3 CSF concentration/free (unbound) plasma concentration ratios for neutral and basic drugs 1, ritropirronium 2, atenolol 3, sulpiride 4, morphine 5, cimetidine 6, meto-prolol 7, atropine 8, tacrine 9, digoxin 10, propranolol 11, carbamazepine 12, ondansetron 13, diazepam 14, imipramine 15, digitonin 16, chlorpromazine and acidic drugs, a, salicylic acid b, ketoprofen c, oxyphenbutazone and d, indomethacin compared to log D.

Other drugs are metabolised by Phase II synthetic reactions, catalysed typically by non-microsomal enzymes. Processes include acetylation, sulphation, glycine conjugation and methylation. Phase II reactions may be affected less frequently by ageing. Thus according to some studies, the elimination of isoniazid, rifampicin (rifampin), paracetamol (acetaminophen), valproic acid, salicylate, indomethacin, lorazepam, oxazepam, and temazepam is not altered with age. However, other studies have demonstrated a reduction in metabolism of lorazepam, paracetamol (acetaminophen), ketoprofen, naproxen, morphine, free valproic acid, and salicylate, indicating that the effect of age on conjugation reactions is variable. 

Hanna MH et al Comparative study of analgesic efficacy and morphine-sparing effect of intramuscular dexketoprofen trometamol with ketoprofen or placebo after major orthopaedic surgery. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2003 55 126. [PMID 12580983]... 

UDP-glucuronosyl transferase (UGT2B7) Oxazepam, ketoprofen, estradiol, morphine 50, 51... 

In a double-bhnd, randomized, uncontrolled study in 150 women to compare intrathecal morphine 100 micrograms plus ketoprofen, intrathecal morphine 200 micrograms, or epidural morphine 3 mg, postoperative nausea or vomiting occurred in 16,28, and 26% respectively (47). The incidence of itching was least in those given intrathecal morphine 100 micrograms. The results were unequivocal and did not justify preferring any one of the techniques as better or safer. 

Also analyzed acebutolol, acepromazine, acetaminophen, acetazolamide, acetophenazine, albuterol, amitriptyline, amobarbital, amoxapine, antipsrrine, atenolol, atropine, azata-dine, baclofen, benzocaine, bromocriptine, brompheniramine, brotizolam, bupivacaine, buspirone, butabarbital, butalbital, caffeine, carbamazepine, cetirizine, chlorqyclizine, chlordiazepoxide, chlormezanone, chloroquine, chlorpheniramine, chlorpromazine, chlorpropamide, chlorprothixene, chlorthalidone, chlorzoxazone, cimetidine, cisapride, clomipramine, clonazepam, clonidine, clozapine, cocaine, codeine, colchicine, qyclizine, (yclo-benzaprine, dantrolene, desipramine, diazepam, diclofenac, diflunisal, diltiazem, diphenhydramine, diphenidol, dipheno late, dipyridamole, disopyramide, dobutamine, doxapram, doxepin, droperidol, encainide, ethidium bromide, ethopropazine, fenoprofen, fentanyl, flavoxate, fluoxetine, fluphenazine, flurazepam, flurbiprofen, fluvoxamine, fii-rosemide, glutethimide, glyburide, guaifenesin, haloperidol, homatropine, hydralazine, hydrochlorothiazide, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, hydro g chloroquine, hydroxyzine, ibuprofen, imipramine, indomethacin, ketoconazole, ketoprofen, ketorolac, labetalol, le-vorphanol, lidocaine, loratadine, lorazepam, lovastatin, loxapine, mazindol, mefenamic acid, meperidine, mephenytoin, mepivacaine, mesoridazine, metaproterenol, methadone, methdilazine, methocarbamol, methotrexate, methotrimeprazine, methoxamine, methyl-dopa, methylphenidate, metoclopramide, metolazone, metoprolol, metronidazole, midazolam, moclobemide, morphine, nadolol, nalbuphine, naloxone, naphazoline, naproxen, nifedipine, nizatidine, norepinephrine, nortriptyline, oxazepam, oxycodone, oxymetazo-line, paroxetine, pemoline, pentazocine, pentobarbital, pentoxifylline, perphenazine, pheniramine, phenobarbital, phenol, phenolphthalein, phentolamine, phenylbutazone, phenyltoloxamine, phenytoin, pimozide, pindolol, piroxicam, pramoxine, prazepam, prazosin, probenecid, procainamide, procaine, prochlorperazine, procyclidine, promazine, promethazine, propafenone, propantheline, propiomazine, propofol, propranolol, protriptyline, quazepam, quinidine, quinine, racemethorphan, ranitidine, remoxipride, risperidone, salicylic acid, scopolamine, secobarbital, sertraline, sotalol, spironolactone, sulfinpyrazone, sulindac, temazepam, terbutaline, terfenadine, tetracaine, theophylline, thiethyl-perazine, thiopental, thioridazine, thiothixene, timolol, tocainide, tolbutamide, tolmetin, trazodone, triamterene, triazolam, trifluoperazine, triflupromazine, trimeprazine, trimethoprim, trimipramine, verapamil, warfarin, xylometazoline, yohimbine, zopiclone... 

---