Morphine adrenals

Fecho, K. et al., Evidence for sympathetic and adrenal involvement in the immunomodulatory effects of acute morphine treatment in rats, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 211, 633, 1996b. 

Allolio, B., et al., Effect of oral morphine and naloxone on pituitary-adrenal response in man induced by human corticotropin-releasing hormone, Acta Endocrinol. (Copenh.), 114, 509, 1987. 

Swanson LW, McKellar S (1979) Distribution of oxytocin-stained and neurophysin-sttiined fibers in the spinal-cord of the rat and monkey. J Comp Neurol 188 87-106 Sweeney MI, White TD, Sawynok J (1987) Involvement of adenosine in the spintd tmtinociceptive effects of morphine and noradrenaline. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 243 657-665 Szabo B (2008) Pharmacology of cannabinoid receptors. Biotrend Rev 2 1—13 Szabo C (2007) Hydrogen sulphide and its therapeutic potential. Nat Rev Drug Discov 6 917-935 Szeto HH (2003) Dynorphin and the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis during fetal development. Life Sci 73 749-758... 

Biochemical correlates of morphine withdrawal. 1. Characterization in the adrenal medulla and locus ceruleus... 

Goldstein A, Barrett RW, James IF, et al. Morphine and other opiates from beef brain and adrenal. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1985 82 5203-5207. 

In order to ascertain the site and mode of action of vasopressin in man with hypophysial-adrenal axis blocked by corticosteroids, it is necessary to recall that morphine is always effective for the prevention of ACTE release after vasopressin (14,15) therefore it is conceivable that the site of corticosteroid inhibition is proximal to the site of vasopressin stimulation, whereas the morj ine acts distally to or at the site of vasopressin stimulation (6,7,13). 

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