Monte Carlo simulation calculation framework

Consequently, Dj can be calculated by Monte Carlo simulation [13, 160, 161]. In the multiple trapping framework the jump diffusion coefficient is given by [49]... 

Reliable fragility analyses require the use of large numbers of seismic records, which are not usually available. Thus, Monte Carlo simulations of synthetic seismic motions or scaling of actual records to common intensity measures are among the most popular methods. The Bayesian framework allows calculation of seismic fi agility curves using just the data available. 

Artificial ground motions can be obtained through Monte Carlo simulation from generative stochastic models that are parametrized with quantities that may be related to the site and earthquake characteristics. Simulated ground motions can be used as a surrogate of measured ones to calculate the dynamic response of a structure. Besides, the stochastic model can be directly used to predict the probabilistic response of the structure within the framework of the stochastic structural dynamics, whenever the structure is simple enough to enable this approach. 

There are two main approaches for the numerical simulation of the gas-solid flow 1) Eulerian framework for the gas phase and Lagrangian framework for the dispersed phase (E-L) and 2) Eulerian framework for all phases (E-E). In the E-L approach, trajectories of dispersed phase particles are calculated by solving Newton s second law of motion for each dispersed particle, and the motion of the continuous phase (gas phase) is modeled using an Eulerian framework with the coupling of the particle-gas interaction force. This approach is also referred to as the distinct element method or discrete particle method when applied to a granular system. The fluid forces acting upon particles would include the drag force, lift force, virtual mass force, and Basset history force.Moreover, particle-wall and particle-particle collision models (such as hard sphere model, soft sphere model, or Monte Carlo techniques) are commonly employed for this approach. In the E-E approach, the particle cloud is treated as a continuum. Local mean... 

Monte Carlo methods of sampling combined with energy calculation and minimization for structural models, template-framework configurations, adsorption simulation, slow diffusion, etc. 

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