Monoterpenoids compound names

An example of terpenic 1,2-epoxides is -caryophyllene oxide, also known as (-)-epoxycaryophyllene (8-31), which occurs in many essential oils. An example of terpenic 1,4-epoxides is the so-called (-l-)-dill ether, (3J ,4S,8S)-3,9-epoxy-p-menth-l-ene (8-31), which is a typical component of the essential oil of caraway (30%) and dill. An example of unsaturated 1,4-epoxides is (-l-)-menthofuran (8-31), the metabolite of ketone (-l-)-pulegone. Both compounds are components of peppermint oil (see Table 8.32, later) and are hepatotoxic. Monoterpenoid compound (- -)-l,8-cineole (also known as limonene oxide, eucalyptol or 1,8-epoxy-p-menthane 8-31) is an example of more complex structures. It is present in essential oils of many types of spices, and higher quantities are found in the essential oil of trees of the genus Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae). Trivial and systematic names of selected ethers are given in Table 8.8. 

Isoprenoids (isopentenoids). The name for a group of natural products made up of isoprene units (e.g., ses-qui-, di-, and triterpenes, iridoids, carotinoids, steroids, natural rubber, etc.). Many non-isoprenoid compounds, however, do possess isoprenoid side chains, e.g., tocopherols, ubiquinones, chlorophyll, or contain isoprenoid structures incorporated into their skeletons, e.g., monoterpenoid indole alkaloids, penitrems, Cinchona alkaloids. 

The naturally occurring monoterpenoid alkaloids reported between 2000 and Feb. 2012 and the diterpenoid alkaloids reported between 2009 and Feb. 2012 are listed in Tables 28.1 and 28.2, respectively, including their name and compound number, molecular formula, molecular weight, optical rotation, plant source, and reference number. The chemical structure of those compounds together with their classification details is given in Sect. 3. 

A 4-nor-7,8-dehydro-10-hydroxy-skytanthine (10) has been obtained from A. radiata [22]. Compotmd 10 and actinidine-type compound 5 are the alkaloid compounds that have been isolated from this plant species for the first time, and it is a reasonable hypothesis that the monoterpenoid structures of 10 and 5 should be derived from the previously isolated iridoids in this plant, which are known to be the biogenetic precursors of this type of alkaloids [50]. A novel skytanthine-type alkaloid named delavayine A (11) that comprises a benzoate ester has been isolated from 7. delavayi [25]. Similarly, another novel skytanthine-type alkaloid, incarviUateine E (12), possessing three incarvilline moieties has been isolated and characterized from the aerial parts of 7. sinensis [26]. Incarvine E (13) and incarvine F (14) [27] isolated from 7. sinensis and isoincarvilline (15) [28] and mairines A-C (16-18) [29] from 7. mairei are other new skytanthine-type monoterpenoid alkaloids. Compounds 16 and 18 contain a rare (5-skytanthine Af-oxide in the structure [29]. 

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