Monophosphoryl lipid from Salmonella minnesota

Therapeutic vaccines were tested in BALB/c mice bearing TA3-Ha mammary carcinoma. The treatment consisted of 4 subcutaneous injections, at 3-6 days intervals, of Detox [a commercial preparation of cell wall skeletons from Mycobacterium phlei and non-toxic monophosphoryl lipid A from Salmonella minnesota (S. minnesota) in squalane oil and Tween 80 from Ribi Immunochemical research, Montana, USA] mixed with Thomsen-Friedenreich (TF) antigen coupled with KLH (Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin) performed 5 days after the tumor cell injection. This vaccination achieved the survival of 25 % of the mice. Pretreatment of mice with cyclophosphamide in order to inhibit any suppressive response, increased survival to 50 % when the treatment began 5 days after tumor cell injection, and to 90 % when the treatment began 2 days after tumor cell injection. Both antibody as well as delayed-... 

Immunostimulatory adjuvants exert their effects predominantly at the cytokine level or through the activation of costimulatory signals. The type of response required for optimal protection depends on the pathogen. One class of immunostimulatory adjuvants is derived from the lipopolysaccharide of gram-negative bacteria. The most extensively evaluated member of this family, monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL), is obtained from Salmonella minnesota. MPL has been shown to induce the synthesis and release of cytokines, which promote the generation of specific immune responses. 

Qureshi, N., Mascagni, P., Ribi, E., Takayama, K. Monophosphoryl lipid A obtained from lipopolysaccharides of Salmonella minnesota R595. Purification of the dimethyl derivative by high performance liquid chromatography and complete structural determination. J Biol Chem 260 (1985) 5271-5278. 

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