Monolayers amorphous state

Figure 21 shows the schematic representation for the aggregation structure of the 2Ci4S/PEI complex monolayer during the compression. The free energy for the monolayer in an amorphous state is higher than that for the monolayer in a crystalline state atO mN-m1... 

The issue of surface charges on the EG3-OMe monolayer on gold is also important. The tails of EG3-OMe on gold can easily accommodate water molecules and seem to be present in both helical and amorphous states for such soft , permeable interfaces with polar tails it has been shown that the effective surface charge density, <7efr, depends on the surface charge density, a, and the dipole density,... 

A comparison of XRD patterns a and a or f and f in Fig. 1 raises the question as to what has become of the active component, the quantity of which is about 10% by weight in a catalyst. First of all, the active components no longer exist in the crystalline state. It is also unlikely that they have become an amorphous mass. Later on we shall provide further evidence to verify that the active component in each case has not formed stoichiometric compound with the support nor has dissolved in the support to form solid solution. It is then reasonable to think that the active component has dispersed as a monolayer on the surface of the support. In view of the high surface area of the supports and the heavy metals in the active components of these catalysts, a monolayer may still amount to a considerable percentage, usually more than 10% by weight, of an active... 

Once a continues layer of the film is formed, (often referred to, as a monolayer), further film growth is a reenactment of the nucleation-growth processes occurring under steady state conditions. During this stage, the film evolves into any of, amorphous, polycrystalline or single crystal forms, depending on several parameters such as substrate temperature, nature of the film deposited, and so on. 

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