Mono chlor methane

Mono-chlor methane Di-chlor methane Tri-chlor methane Tetra-chlor methane... 

It is very important to grasp at the beginning the full significance and likewise the limitations of these structural formulas. To repeat the formula for mono-chlor methane, viz.,... 

When chlorine is substituted for hydrogen in methane and mono-chlor methane is obtained, we may assume as probable that one chlorine atom first removes hydrogen from the methane molecule, and then a second chlorine atom unites with the residue of methane. When one hydrogen is removed from methane we have left the residue (CH3—), i.e.j CH4 may be written CH3—H. In mono-chlor methane, then, the chlorine may be considered as united to the residue (CH3—) which as a group possesses the one valence of the carbon left unsatisfied by the one lost hydrogen. By our structural formulas we may represent the relations between methane and mono-chlor methane as... 

As in mono-chlor methane chlorine is thus represented as joined to the group (CH3—), so in all mono-substitution products of methane a monovalent element or group is joined to the monovalent group (CH3—). -A general formula, therefore, for all mono-substituted methanes may be written, CH3—X X being any mono-valent element or group. 

Mono-chlor methane CH3CI Methyl chloride Mono-brom methane CHsBr Methyl bromide Mono-iodo methane CH3I Methyl iodide... 

Amino Compounds.—We have previously explained how mono-chlor methane, i.e,j methane in which one hydrogen atom has been substituted by a chlorine atom, may with equal justice be considered... 

The next question which arises in regard to ethane is is ethane like methane in being symmetrical, i.e.y are all of the hydrogen atoms alike in their relation to the carbon atoms and to each other The same kind of facts which established this point in regard to methane are also true of ethane, viz., only one mono-chlor ethane is known. We thus conclude that all six hydrogen atoms in ethane are alikey and no matter which one is substituted by chlorine the product is always the same. We may write the structural formula for mono-chlor ethane then ... 

Isomerism of Di-chlor Ethanes.—When, however, we study the constitution of the poly-halogen ethanes we find that isomerism occurs just as in the case of the propyl iodides and of the hydrocarbons above propane. In the case of ethane it is a fact that only one mono-substitution product of any type is known, thereby proving the symmetry of the ethane molecule and the like character of all six of the hydrogen atoms. When two hydrogen atoms are substituted by two chlorine atoms two dif event compounds are produced both having the composition C2H4CI2. From the constitution of the ethane molecule, that has been established by its synthesis from methane (p. 16), we can readily see how this may be explained as we may have two hydrogen atoms replaced by two chlorine atoms in two different ways, as follows ... 

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