Momentum characteristic value

The magnetogyric ratio is then the ratio between the magnetic moment and the angular momentum of a rotating particle and has a characteristic value for each type of nucleus ... 

It follows from Eq(23) that the characteristic value of the electron momentum in an atom in the nonrelativistic limit is ... 

I br the majority of physicaJ systems, the Lagrangian is invariant to any space translation. In this case, all the equations of the theory cam be simplified by means of Fourier s transformation, i.e. by considering the characteristic values in the momentum space. 1 he rules for drawing graphs of the characteristic values in the momentum space are given. 

The shape (S) and wing (fV) parameters are commonly used to characterize the annihilation line. S is defined as the ratio of the surface of the central region to the total area. Similarly, fV is the relative fraction of the wings of the line. These parameters have characteristic values for each material, depending on the electron momentum distribution. In a vacancy, the density of valence electrons is reduced, leading to a narrowing of the annihilation line and, consequently, to a larger S parameter. 

Fig. 7. Characteristic relaxation rate for the Rouse relaxation in polyisoprene as a function of momentum transfer. The insert shows the scaling behavior of the dynamic structure factor as a function of the Rouse variable. The different symbols correspond to different Q-values. (Reprinted with permission from [39]. Copyright 1992 American Chemical Society, Washington)...

Fig. 4.14 Results on fully protonated PIB by means of NSE [147]. a Time evolution of the self-correlation function at the Q-values indicated and 390 K. Lines are the resulting KWW fit curves (Eq. 4.9). b Momentum transfer dependence of the characteristic time of the KWW functions describing Sseif(Q,t) at 335 K (circles), 365 K (squares) and 390 K (triangles). In the scaling representation (lower part) the 335 K and 390 K data have been shifted to the reference temperature 365 K applying a shift factor corresponding to an activation energy of 0.43 eV. Solid (dotted) lines through the points represent (q-2 power laws. Full...

Fig. 4.15 Momentum transfer (Q)-dependence of the characteristic time r(Q) of the a-relaxation obtained from the slow decay of the incoherent intermediate scattering function of the main chain protons in PI (O) (MD-simulations). The solid lines through the points show the Q-dependencies of z(Q) indicated. The estimated error bars are shown for two Q-values. The Q-dependence of the value of the non-Gaussian parameter at r(Q) is also included (filled triangle) as well as the static structure factor S(Q) on the linear scale in arbitrary units. The horizontal shadowed area marks the range of the characteristic times t mr- The values of the structural relaxation time and are indicated by the dashed-dotted and dotted lines, respectively (see the text for the definitions of the timescales). The temperature is 363 K in all cases. (Reprinted with permission from [105]. Copyright 2002 The American Physical Society)...

The steady-state stagnation-flow equations represent a boundary-value problem. The momentum, energy, and species equations are second order while the continuity equation is first order. Although the details of boundary-condition specification depend in the particular problem, there are some common characteristics. The second-order equations demand some independent information about V,W,T and Yk at both ends of the z domain. The first-order continuity equation requires information about u on one boundary. As developed in the following sections, we consider both finite and semi-infinite domains. In the case of a semi-infinite domain, the pressure term kr can be determined from an outer potential flow. In the case of a finite domain where u is known on both boundaries, Ar is determined as an eigenvalue of the problem. 

Ciano et al. (2006) have used a finite element approach to model a tubular cell 0.3 m long. The equations are available in Ciano et al. (2006). Table 7.2 shows the partial differential equations and the mesh characteristics. This model is computationally demanding and the equations have been solved by adopting an iterative procedure. Initial guess values for temperature and current density are assumed (current density is calculated by means of a lumped model, as the function of the average temperature and the cell voltage). Momentum equation and continuity equation are... 

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