Molten Ohmic loss

In low temperature fuel ceUs, ie, AEG, PAEC, PEEC, protons or hydroxyl ions are the principal charge carriers in the electrolyte, whereas in the high temperature fuel ceUs, ie, MCEC, SOEC, carbonate and oxide ions ate the charge carriers in the molten carbonate and soHd oxide electrolytes, respectively. Euel ceUs that use zitconia-based soHd oxide electrolytes must operate at about 1000°C because the transport rate of oxygen ions in the soHd oxide is adequate for practical appHcations only at such high temperatures. Another option is to use extremely thin soHd oxide electrolytes to minimize the ohmic losses. 

Sodium hydroxide, hydrogen, and chlorine can be produced concurrently in a cell where a sodium chloride-zinc chloride mixture is separated from sodium hydroxide with a beta-alumina diaphragm. In such a cell (which to date has simply been bench tested), pure molten sodium hydroxide and dry chlorine are produced. Because of the higher temperature, the cell operates at lower overvoltage and ohmic loss than the conventional aqueous electrolytic processes (38). 

---