Molecular recognition biosensors

In a biocatalytic biosensor the molecular recognition component is an enzyme. Enzymes, macromolecular catalysts that are manufactured by plants and animals, affect the rates of biochemical reactions. Virtually all of the millions of chemical reactions involved in Hfe processes have associated enzymes controlling the rates. CoUectively, there are several thousand enzymes known and perhaps many thousand more yet to be discovered. 

A Biosensor is a device where a coupling has been realized between a biological element responsible for the molecular recognition and tire element responsible for the transduction of the signal. 

DNA-Modified Electrodes. Molecular Recognition of DNA and Biosensor Applications... 

Biosensors normally offer highly specific molecular recognition reactions like enzyme/substrate-, antigen/antibody-, DNA/DNA-, or protein-interactions [67]. Due to their specific sensing principles and set-up they are limited to special applications and boundary conditions. The limited stability and reproducibility of these devices requires higher standards of maintenance and recalibration. 

The use of additional membranes, which selectively convert nonionic analytes into ionic species that can be determined via ISEs is another common approach. An abundance of ingenious designs make use of biocatalysts for the development of potentiometric biosensors. Much of the earlier designs have made use of enzymes as the molecular recognition element. The products that are associated with such enzyme-catalyzed reactions can be readily monitored with the potentiometric transducer by coating the traditional electrodes with the enzyme. 

Molecular recognition in biological systems (active sites on the surfaces of macromolecule, antibody-antigen) and biological sensors (enzyme activity, biosensors). 

The flow-through sensors described in this Section comply essentially with the definition of biosensor. This word, like every term used to designate devices of scientific and popular note, has been the object of a number of definitions of both generic and specific scope. In a broad sense, a biosensor is any instrument or technique that measures biomolecules. In stricter terms, Rechnitz defines a biosensor as "a device that incorporates a biochemical or biological component as a molecular recognition element and yields an analytical signal in response to biomolecules" [10]. In between these two... 

In addition, such redox-active organometallic dendrimers are interesting materials with which to modify electrode surfaces. Applications of these dendrimer modified electrodes in the fields of amperometric and potentiometric biosensors, molecular recognition, as well as in electrocatalysis and photoelectrochemistry, clearly represent interesting areas of future research. 

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