Molecular colloid

Avdeev MV, Khokhryakov AA, Tropin TV, Andrievsky GV, Klochkov VK, Derevyanchenko LI, Rosta L, Garamus VM, Priezzhev VB, Korobov MV, Aksenov VL (2004) Structural features of molecular-colloidal solutions of C-60 fullerenes in water by small-angle neutron scattering. Langmuir 20 4363 4368. 

Microelectrophoresis depends on the visibility of the migrating particles under the microscope. As such, it is inapplicable to molecular colloids such as proteins. By adsorbing the protein molecules on suitable carrier particles, however, the range of utility for microelectrophoresis can be extended. Dark-field illumination (see Section 1.6a. lc) can sometimes be used to advantage to extend microelectrophoresis observations to small, high-contrast particles. 

Cereals in Breadmaking A Molecular Colloidal Approach, Ann- Charlotte Eliasson and Kare Larsson... 

A technology, which has allowed producing of fullerene molecular-colloidal water solutions (FWS), has made new step for the biological applications of fullerenes. Such technology is now available [4], and CeoFWS produced by means of it is highly stable (8-24 months and longer) and finely dispersed without any stabilizers. The fact that this colloid consists of individual molecules of Ceo and the water only has been proved earlier by means of different experimental methods. 

Giddings, J.C. Eield-flow fractionation analysis of macro-molecular, colloidal and particular materials. Science... 

A.-C. Eliasson and K. Larsson, "Cereals and Breadmaking - A Molecular/Colloidal Approach". (1993), New York Marcel Dekker. 

Carothers was able to show that many macromolecules could be built, not only through some mysterious process, but also with the known methods of organic chemistry. His work yielded further proof for the formation of organic molecular colloids by covalent bonds, and led to the first synthetic fiber produced industrially on a large scale, nylon 6,6 [poly(hexamethylene-adipamide)]. This polymer is obtained from hexamethylenediamine and adipic acid ... 

Fig. 6 gives an example, from which may be concluded that with the sol concentration chosen, the five different kinds of "particles used as "electrophoretic indicators are covered with a complete colloid film. To avoid misinterpretation we must add that the adjective "complete does not give any information on the structure of the colloid film formed. Thus complete does not mean, for instance that a monomolecular colloid film on the particle surface would have been completed. It only means that the mono- di- or perhaps poly-molecular colloid film formed possesses such a boundary with the surrounding sol, that its electrophoretic properties have become independent of those of the original particle surface. 

The cell walls are permeable to some relatively low molecular colloids so that they are more or less rapidly washed out from the cell compartments. This is for example the case with yeast nucleic acid, as a result of which the composition in a cell containing G -I- N -F A changes continually. As the coalescence of very fine coacervate drops to the states represented in Fig. 39 requires a comparatively long time and as the composition of the content of the cell must lie within narrow limits (c.f. Ch. X, 2t, Fig. 33, p. 380) the realisation of satisfactory morphological pictures meets with serious difficulties and indeed has only succeeded one or two times. Moreover the states of Fig 39 do not represent the final equilibrium but in the end the coacervate G -h N f A disappears completely through continued loss of nucleic acid. 

Staudinger, H. (1930) Concerning high polymeric bonds 37 Announcement - Viscosity analysis of molecular colloids. Kolloid Z., 51 (1), 71-89. 

Staudinger [1], p. 108) said The procedure adopted in explaining composition issues in macromolecular chemistry is exactly the same as in low-molecular chemistry, i.e. the substance is dissolved and the size and composition of its dissolved particles are investigated (cf. [10], p. 15). The premise was In view of the size of the molecules, macromolecular substances can [...] only dissolve colloidally [1, p. 119]. If dissolved substances do in fact take on this glue-like consistency, less is, however, achieved than hoped, because it cannot be concluded that the dissolved substance is macromolecular in structure on the basis of the formation of a colloid alone this can be a characteristic of micelles too (cf. [16], p. 10). In other words, it would only be definite that the substance consisted of macromolecules if it could be proved that the colloidal nature [...] was due to the special composition of the substance [1, p. Ill], Staudinger coined the term molecular colloid to describe this finding In micelle colloids, the colloid particles are loose collections of small molecules, whereas the colloid particles in molecular colloids are the macromolecules themselves [1, p. 320]. 

AC Eliasson, K Larsson. In AC Eliasson, K Larsson, eds. Cereals in Breadmaking A Molecular Colloidal Approach. New York Marcel Dekker, 1993, pp 161-210. IS Shepherd, RW Yoell. Cake emulsions. In S Friberg, ed. Food Emulsions. New York Marcel Dekker, 1976, pp 217-275. 

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