Modulus Spectroscopy Resolution

Many other examples of stress or strain measurements through Raman spectroscopy are still primarily qualitative [18, 27]. Much of this stems from the fact that Raman spectroscopy provides only limited additional information (generally only in the form of frequency shifts) from potentially complicated strain distributions. Furthermore, care must be taken when extracting stresses from measured Raman shifts as key mechanical properties such as Young s modulus (which is related to the compliance or stiffness matrix elements) may be diameter dependent in NWs [61]. Still, Raman mapping with submicron spatial resolution and careful polarization analyses may help clarify the piezospectroscopic properties of semiconductor NWs in ongoing research. 

Thermally processed WP and polyvinylalcohol (PVOH) blends have been studied by solid-state high resolution NMR spectroscopy. The intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions between WP and PVOH induced some miscibility in the system at the nanometre scale, especially when the PVOH content was low. The TS and modulus of the blends were improved when compared to those of WP. However, the intermolecular interactions were relatively weak and could not be further enhanced by increasing the PVOH content, because such an increase enhanced the immiscible character of the blend composites [84]. 

In the nano-DMA, a sinusoidal mechanical oscillation is applied to the sample by the transducer shown in Fig.l. The tip of an atomic force microscope is placed in contact with the sample, and the amplitude and phase of the cantilever s response is recorded as a function of position on the sample s surface, forming images related to the sample s elastic modulus and damping. Lateral resolution is of the order of a few tens of nanometers. The microscope may also be operated in spectroscopy mode, where the tip remains nominally on the same point of the surface, and the temperature of the sample is ramped. 

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