Modulus histogram

Figure 14.20. Tensile test results of the NBP composites (a) Histogram graph of the Young s modulus, (b) Histogram graph of the tensile strength (11).

In Figure 6.8, the histogram is adduced, which shows elasticity modulus E change, obtained in nanoindentation tests, as a function of load on indenter P or nanoindentation depth /r. If the dependences E P) or EQi) are identical qualitatively for all the three considered nanocomposites, then the dependence E h) for nanocomposite BSR/TC was chosen, which reflects the indicated scale effect quantitative aspect in the most clearest way. 

Figure 8. Stochastic inputs for the material of the ore (histogram of young s modulus).

Finally a histogram that shows the exponential increase of both scientific and industrial interest in high strength/high modulus fibers over the last decades. 

Another way to determine the Weibull modulus m and the reference stress (To considers each measured value directly, without grouping it in intervals in a histogram. We assign an estimate of the failure probabihty to each measured value of the fracture stress, starting with a very small value for the smallest... 

Figure 2 demonstrates the micromapping data (topography, elastic modulus, and adhesive forces) obtained concurrently for the same surface area of the composite film. It shows that, for the rubber phase, the adhesive forces are much higher and elastic modulus is much lower as compared to the glassy matrix. The histogram of the surface distribution of elastic moduli displays two very distinctive peaks (Figure 2). The first, very sharp peak is located in the range 3-10 MPa and corresponds to the rubber phase. The broad distribution of elastic moduli between 2-4 GPa corresponds to the PS matrix.

Figure 2. Top topography (left top), adhesion (right top), and elastic modulus (left bottom) images of the PS/PB blend (15 x 15 pm). Force-distance curves are shown for rubber and glassy phases (right bottom). All mappings are done with the 64 x 64 pixel lateral resolution. Two histograms (bottom) of elastic modulus distribution and adhesive forces show two distinctive peaks for rubber and glassy phases.

Figure 7. Temperature variation of elastic modulus for the PS matrix (top) and the rubber phase (bottom) as derived from the surface histogram.

Histograms of yield strength values obtained from experimental research are the basic source of input data of a series of reliability analysis see for e.g., (Kala 2010, Kala 2012, Kala Kala 2012, Kala Kala 2013, Kala 2013). Young s modulus E was considered acc. to results of experimental research to have a Gaussian distribution with mean value 210 GPa and standard deviation 12.6 GPa (Soares 1988). 

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