Modes and scales of impact

During the development of a chemical process, a choice must be made regarding the type of reactor to be used on a plant scale. Some theoretical considerations and their practical impact on reactor issues are presented here. Choosing the right type of reactor can indeed improve the safety of the process. The considerations are reflected as well in the mode of operation. Reactors are characterized by type of operation (i.e., batch, semi-batch, and continuous). 

This book has two goals. One is to facihtate the understanding of the fundamental properties of crystallization and the impact of these properties on crystaUization process development. The second is to aid practitioners in problem-solving using actual industrial examples under real process constraints. This book begins with fundamental thermodynamic properties (Chapters 2 and 3), nucleation and crystal growth kinetics (Chapter 4), and process dynamics and scale-up considerations (Chapters 5 and 6). Subsequent chapters cover modes of crystallization operation cooling (Chapter 7), evaporation (Chapter 8), antisolvent (Chapter 9), reaction (Chapter 10), and special cases of crystallization (Chapter 11). As mentioned, real industrial examples are provided in each chapter. 

The supply of the production unit plays only a minor role within this impact category, and the supply of the peripheral equipment has almost no effect. The results of the GWP on the laboratory scale highlight the fact that the transfer of the model reaction from batch to continuous mode in a microstructured reactor leads to significant reductions in greenhouse gases. Therefore, the lifetime of the microscale set-up plays a subordinate role. Similar results were obtained for the majority of impact categories considered. 

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