Models vapor-liquid-solid growth

Figure 2.4 Three typical growth models for the catalytic synthesis of nanosilica, (a) VLS = vapor-liquid-solid ...

Another bubble theory of electrical breakdown in liquids has been developed by Krasucki. In Krasuckis model, the presence of impurity particles, produced by sparkerosion of the electrodes, was invoked as a prerequisite for the creating bubblecavity. Vaporization can occur in a liquid wherever a point of zero pressure is developed, and in this way a vacuous cavity can begin to form. Electron bombardment of the cavity walls will sustain its growth, eventually leading to a breakdown. Solid-particle impurities in the liquid, but especially at an electrode-liquid interface, are considered as suitable sites for cavity nucleation. 

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